Cefroxadine

General

• Type: 1st generation Cephalosporin
• Dosage Forms: Capsules, Granules for oral suspension
• Dosage Strengths: 250mg, 500mg
• Routes of Administration: PO
• Common Trade Names: Oraspor, Cefthan

Adult Dosing

General

• Mild-Moderate: 250-500mg PO q12h
• Severe: 500mg-1g PO q12h or 500mg q8h
• Max: 4g/day

UTI, Uncomplicated

• 500mg PO q12h

Respiratory Tract Infections

• 500mg PO q12h

Skin and Soft Tissue

• 500mg PO q12h

Pediatric Dosing

General (>3 Months)

• Mild-Moderate: 20-40mg/kg/day PO divided q12h or q8h
• Severe: Up to 50-60mg/kg/day PO divided q8h
• Max: 2g/day (should not exceed adult dose)

Special Populations

• Pregnancy: B
• Lactation: Excreted in breast milk; use with caution
• Renal
  • Adult
    • CrCl 25-50: 500mg q12-24h
    • CrCl 10-25: 500mg q24-36h
    • CrCl <10: 500mg q48h
    • Hemodialysis: Give dose after dialysis
    • Peritoneal dialysis: No supplemental dose usually required
  • Pediatric
    • Renal dosing not well defined; adjust based on adult ratios or avoid
• Hepatic
  • Not defined

Contraindications

• Allergy to class/drug (Cephalosporins)
• Immediate hypersensitivity to Penicillins

Adverse Reactions

Serious

• Anaphylaxis
• Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
• Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea
• Neutropenia (rare)
• Thrombocytopenia
• Nephrotoxicity (rare)

Common

• Nausea and Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Dyspepsia
• Rash
• Abdominal Pain
• Dizziness
• Pruritus

Pharmacology

• Half-life: 0.8 - 1.2h (prolonged in renal impairment)
• Metabolism: Minimally metabolized
• Excretion: Urine (>90% unchanged)
• Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis

Antibiotic Sensitivities

Group	Organism	Sensitivity
Gram Positive	Strep. Group A, B, C, G	S
	Strep. Pneumoniae	S
	Viridans strep	S
	Strep. anginosus gp	X1
	Enterococcus faecalis	R
	Enterococcus faecium	R
	MSSA	S
	MRSA	R
	CA-MRSA	R
	Staph. Epidermidis	I
	C. jeikeium	R
	L. monocytogenes	R
Gram Negatives	N. gonorrhoeae	X1
	N. meningitidis	R
	Moraxella catarrhalis	I
	H. influenzae	X1
	E. coli	S
	Klebsiella sp	S
	E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+	R
	E coli/Klebsiella KPC+	R
	Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg	R
	Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos	R
	Serratia sp	R
	Serratia marcescens	R
	Salmonella sp	X1
	Shigella sp	X1
	Proteus mirabilis	S
	Proteus vulgaris	R
	Providencia sp.	R
	Morganella sp.	R
	Citrobacter freundii	R
	Citrobacter diversus	R
	Citrobacter sp.	R
	Aeromonas sp	R
	Acinetobacter sp.	R
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	R
	Burkholderia cepacia	R
	Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	R
	Yersinia enterocolitica	R
	Francisella tularensis	X1
	Brucella sp.	X1
	Legionella sp.	R
	Pasteurella multocida	X1
	Haemophilus ducreyi	X1
	Vibrio vulnificus	X1
Misc	Chlamydophila sp	R
	Mycoplasm pneumoniae	R
	Rickettsia sp	R
	Mycobacterium avium	R
Anaerobes	Actinomyces	X1
	Bacteroides fragilis	R
	Prevotella melaninogenica	X1
	Clostridium difficile	X1
	Clostridium (not difficile)	I
	Fusobacterium necrophorum	X1
	Peptostreptococcus sp.	S

Key

• S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
• I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
• R resistant (or not effective clinically)
• S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
• U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
• X1 no data
• X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
• X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
• X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

See Also

• Antibiotics (Main)
• Cephalosporins