Diuretics

Types

High ceiling/loop diuretic

• Furosemide
• ethacrynic acid
• torsemide

Thiazides

act on the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter

• Hydrochlorothiazide

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule

• acetazolamide
• methazolamide

Potassium-sparing diuretics

• Aldosterone antagonists
  • spironolactone
• Epithelial sodium channel blockers:
  • Amiloride
  • Triamterene

Osmotic diuretics

increase osmolality and work primarily by expanding extracellular fluid and plasma volume, therefore increasing blood flow to the kidneys

• Mannitol)
• Glucose (e.g. during hyperglycemia)