Immersion pulmonary edema
Background
- Also known as Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE)[1]
- Populations affected: Combat swimmers (e.g. Navy SEALs), triathletes, and submersion divers (aka "breath-hold diving")[2]
- Prevalence approx 1.8% in combat swimmers
- Very rare outside these groups
- No good evidence-based risk factors identified, but hypertension appears to be associated[2]
- Immersion increases cardiac output and doubles pulmonary artery pressures compared to being out of water[2]
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
- Hypothermia
- Immersion pulmonary edema
- Marine toxins, envenomations, and bites
- Scuba diving emergencies
- Submersion injury (drowning and near-drowning)
Diagnosis
Management
Disposition
See Also
References
- ↑ https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00815646 (Accessed 08/17/15)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Miller CC 3rd, Calder-Becker K, Modave F. Swimming-induced pulmonary edema in triathletes. Am J Emerg Med. 2010 Oct;28(8):941-6.