Electrolyte abnormalities

Evaluation

Ion	Low!	Low	High	High!
K	2.5	3.5	5.5	6.5
Ca	6.5	8.5	10.5	12.0
Na	120	135	150	(Osm >350)
Mg	Clinical	1.7	3.5
Phos	1.0	2.8	4.5

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories

Differential Diagnosis

• Hyper
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypermagnesemia
  • Hypernatremia
  • Hyperphosphatemia
• Hypo
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypophosphatemia

Management

See individual pages above for specific management. Generally, correct in the following order:

1. Volume
2. pH
3. K, Ca, Mg
4. Na, Cl

See Also

• Hypoglycemia
• Nutrition (main)
• Acid-base disorders
• Intravenous fluid therapy