Carotid-cavernous fistula

Background

• Fistula between carotid and cavernous sinus

Clinical Features

• Bilateral conjunctival edema and pulsatile exophthalmos (spontaneous in elderly, secondary to trauma in young)

Differential Diagnosis

Bilateral red eyes

• Painful
  • Caustic keratoconjunctivitis
  • Ocular foreign body
  • Orbital trauma
  • Contact lens problems
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Blepharitis
  • Allergic reaction
  • Thyroid disease
  • Carotid-cavernous fistula
• Painless
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Blepharitis
  • Allergic reaction
  • Thyroid disease