Diferencia entre revisiones de «Hyperemesis gravidarum»
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==Medication Dosing== | |||
===1st Line (ACOG Stepwise)=== | |||
*{{MedicationDose|drug=Pyridoxine|dose=10-25 mg q6-8hr|route=PO|context=1st line antiemetic (Vitamin B6)|indication=Hyperemesis gravidarum|population=Adult}} | |||
*{{MedicationDose|drug=Doxylamine|dose=12.5 mg q6-8hr|route=PO|context=1st line antiemetic (add to B6)|indication=Hyperemesis gravidarum|population=Adult}} | |||
===2nd Line=== | |||
*{{MedicationDose|drug=Promethazine|dose=12.5-25 mg q4hr|route=PO/PR/IV|context=2nd line antiemetic|indication=Hyperemesis gravidarum|population=Adult}} | |||
*{{MedicationDose|drug=Metoclopramide|dose=5-10 mg q8hr|route=IV|context=2nd line antiemetic|indication=Hyperemesis gravidarum|population=Adult}} | |||
===3rd Line=== | |||
*{{MedicationDose|drug=Ondansetron|dose=4-8 mg q12hr|route=IV|context=3rd line antiemetic|indication=Hyperemesis gravidarum|population=Adult|notes=Small increased risk of oral clefts in 1st trimester}} | |||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
Revisión actual - 17:56 20 mar 2026
Background
- Simple nausea and vomiting affects 60-80% of patients during first 12wk of pregnancy
- Hyperemesis gravidarum only affects 0.3-2% of pregnancies[1]
- Hyperemesis gravidarum has (rarely) been known to cause Wernicke's encephalopathy[2][3]
Clinical Features
Pregnancy with:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weight loss
- Volume depletion
Note: Abdominal pain is highly unusual and should prompt consideration of a different diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Gastroenteritis
- Biliary disease
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Gastroenteritis
- Pancreatitis
- Appendicitis
- Hepatitis
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Pyelonephritis
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- HELLP syndrome
- Gestational trophoblastic disease (may present with intractable vomiting)
- Thyrotoxicosis (may present with intractable vomiting)
Evaluation
Workup
- Urinalysis for ketones
- Chemistry
- May show signs of dehydration, hypokalemia
- CBC
Diagnosis
- Defined as intractable vomiting with at least 1 of following:
- Weight loss
- Volume depletion
- Hypokalemia
- Ketonemia
Note: Abdominal pain is highly unusual and should prompt consideration of a different diagnosis
Management
Rehydration
- PO fluids if able to tolerate
- IV fluid repletion (use D5NS in the setting of ketonuria)
Antiemetics
ACOG recommends a stepwise approach to nausea and vomiting in pregnancy[4]
- Vitamin B6 10-25mg q6-8hrs
- ADD Doxylamine 12.5mg q6-8hrs
- ADD Promethazine 12.5-25mg q4hrs PO or PR
- ADD Dimenhydrinate 50mg q4-6hrs IV OR metoclopramide 5-10mg q8hrs IV OR promethazine 12.5-25mg q4hrs IV
- ADD Methylprednisolone 16mg q8hrs PO or IV for 3 days and taper to effective dose OR ondansteron 8mg (or 4mg) q12hrs IV
- If using ondansetron, reasonable to have a discussion about claimed risks of birth defects.
- First-trimester exposure to ondansetron was not associated with cardiac or congenital malformations but was associated with a small increased risk of oral clefts.[5]
| Medication | Pregnancy Drug Class |
| Vitamin B6 | A |
| Dimenhydrinate | B |
| Doxylamine | A |
| Ondansetron | B |
| Metoclopramide | B |
| Promethazine | C |
Medication Dosing
1st Line (ACOG Stepwise)
- Pyridoxine 10-25 mg q6-8hr PO
- Doxylamine 12.5 mg q6-8hr PO
2nd Line
- Promethazine 12.5-25 mg q4hr PO/PR/IV
- Metoclopramide 5-10 mg q8hr IV
3rd Line
- Ondansetron 4-8 mg q12hr IV — Small increased risk of oral clefts in 1st trimester
Disposition
- Discharge if clear diagnosis and able to tolerate POs
- Admit
- Uncertain diagnosis
- Intractable vomiting
- Persistent ketonemia or electrolyte abnormalities after volume repletion
- Weight loss >10% of pre-pregnancy weight
See Also
External Links
References
- ↑ Goodwin, TM. Hyperemesis gravidarum. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2008 Sep;35(3):401-17
- ↑ Kantor S, Prakash S, Chandwani J, Gokhale A, Sarma K, Albahrani MJ. Wernicke's encephalopathy following hyperemesis gravidarum. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014;18(3):164–166. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.128706
- ↑ Kotha VK, De Souza A. Wernicke's encephalopathy following Hyperemesis gravidarum. A report of three cases. Neuroradiol J. 2013;26(1):35–40. doi:10.1177/197140091302600106
- ↑ Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 153. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 126(3):e12-24
- ↑ Fejzo MS, et al. Ondansetron in pregnancy and risk of adverse fetal outcomes in the United States. Reprod Toxicol. 2016 Jul;62:87-91.