Diferencia entre revisiones de «Template:TBI pathophysiology»

Revisión del 23:14 21 nov 2017

TBI Pathophysiology

vasoconstriction
- HTN, Hypocarbia, alkalosis
No good way to measure cerebral blood flow
- Use CPP as surrogate
  - CPP is amount of pressure needed to perfuse the brain
  - CPP=MAP-ICP
    - When ICP elevates, CPP decreases
    - Normal ICP
      - 15 in adults
      - <10 to 15 in children
      - 1.5 to 6.0 in infants
Autoregulation allows the body to control the cerebral blood flow
- Autoregulatory mechanism is damaged in most TBI patients
Cushing Reflex- more common in children than adults
- Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Respiratory Irregularity

Pathophysiology

Primary injury

contusions
- bruises to brain parenchyma
Hematomas
- Epidural
- Subdural
- Intraparenchymal
- Intraventricular
- Subarachnoid
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Direct Cellular Damage
- neurons
- axons
tearing and shearing of tissues

Secondary injury

Brain swelling causes increased ICP which compresses the tissue causing ischemia with direct compression of the vasculature causing brain tissue herniation and brain death

Leads to expansion of the original injury
Calcium and ion shifts
Mitochondrial damage
Production of free radicals
Enzyme activity that lead to apoptosis

@@ Línea 17: / Línea 17: @@
 **Bradycardia
 **Respiratory Irregularity
+===Pathophysiology===
+====Primary injury====
+*contusions
+**bruises to brain parenchyma
+*Hematomas
+**Epidural
+**Subdural
+**Intraparenchymal
+**Intraventricular
+**Subarachnoid
+*Diffuse Axonal Injury
+*Direct Cellular Damage
+**neurons
+**axons
+*tearing and shearing of tissues
+====Secondary injury====
+''Brain swelling causes [[increased ICP]] which compresses the tissue causing ischemia with direct compression of the vasculature causing brain tissue herniation and brain death''
+*Leads to expansion of the original injury
+*Calcium and ion shifts
+*Mitochondrial damage
+*Production of free radicals
+*Enzyme activity that lead to apoptosis