Diferencia entre revisiones de «Cefalonium»

(Created page with "== General == * '''Class''': First-generation Cephalosporin antibiotic [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalonium) * '''Chemical Structure''': Contains Isonicotinamides, Thiophenes, and Pyridinium compounds [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalonium) * '''Usage''': Primarily used in veterinary medicine (specifically broadly used for mastitis in cattle and ophthalmic infections in biochemical research). == Dosing == === H...")
 
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== General ==
==General==
* '''Class''': First-generation [[Cephalosporin]] antibiotic [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalonium)
*Type: [[Is Generation::1st generation]] [[Is DrugClass::Cephalosporin]]
* '''Chemical Structure''': Contains [[Isonicotinamides]], [[Thiophenes]], and [[Pyridinium compounds]] [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalonium)
*Dosage Forms: Intramammary suspension, Ophthalmic ointment (Veterinary)
* '''Usage''': Primarily used in veterinary medicine (specifically broadly used for mastitis in cattle and ophthalmic infections in biochemical research).
*Dosage Strengths: Various veterinary formulations (e.g., 250mg)
*Routes of Administration: Intramammary, Topical (Ocular)
*Common Trade Names: Cepravin, Cefalonium


== Dosing ==
==Adult Dosing==
=== Human ===
===General===
* '''Systemic''': Not currently indicated for human clinical use.
*'''Clinical Note:''' Cefalonium is primarily a veterinary antibiotic used for "dry cow" therapy and ocular infections in animals.
* '''Note''': Cefalonium is almost exclusively utilized in veterinary contexts, particularly for "dry cow" therapy (intramammary infusion) or topical ophthalmic preparations in animals.
*There are no established FDA-approved dosing regimens for human systemic use in emergency medicine.


== Pharmacology ==
==Pediatric Dosing==
=== Mechanism of Action ===
===General===
Like other cephalosporins, Cefalonium is a bactericidal agent. It acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), disrupting the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis.
*Not indicated for human pediatric use.


=== Chemical Data ===
==Special Populations==
* '''Type''': Beta-lactam antibiotic
*Pregnancy: Not defined for humans.
* '''Generation''': First-generation
*Lactation: Used in veterinary medicine specifically during the dry period to prevent mastitis; milk withholding periods apply to animals. Human safety data is not available.
* '''Related Compounds''': Structurally similar to other broad-spectrum cephalosporins containing thiophene rings.
*Renal
**Adult: Not defined for humans.
**Pediatric: Not defined for humans.
*Hepatic (Adult & Pediatric)
**Not defined


== Antibiotic Sensitivities ==
==Contraindications==
As a first-generation cephalosporin, Cefalonium exhibits activity primarily against Gram-positive bacteria and a limited range of Gram-negative bacteria.
*Allergy to class/drug (Cephalosporins/Beta-lactams)


==Adverse Reactions==
===Serious===
*Similar cross-reactivity risks to other [[Cephalosporins]] if exposure occurs:
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
*[[Stevens-Johnson Syndrome]] (Theoretical)
*[[Clostridium difficile]] (Theoretical)
===Common===
*Hypersensitivity reactions
*Local irritation (if applied topically)
==Pharmacology==
*Half-life: Pharmacokinetics not well-characterized for human systemic use.
*Metabolism: Not defined for humans.
*Excretion: Urine (in animal models)
*Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis (binds to penicillin-binding proteins).
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Group !! Organism !! Sensitivity
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Group'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Organism'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sensitivity'''
|-
| Gram Positive||[[Strep. Group A, B, C, G]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Strep. Pneumoniae]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Viridans strep]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||Strep. anginosus gp||X1
|-
| ||[[Enterococcus faecalis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Enterococcus faecium]]||R
|-
| ||[[MSSA]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[MRSA]]||R
|-
| ||[[CA-MRSA]]||R
|-
| ||[[Staph. Epidermidis]]||I
|-
| ||[[C. jeikeium]]||R
|-
| ||[[L. monocytogenes]]||R
|-
| Gram Negatives||[[N. gonorrhoeae]]||X1
|-
| ||[[N. meningitidis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]||X1
|-
| ||[[H. influenzae]]||X1
|-
| ||[[E. coli]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Klebsiella]] sp||'''S'''
|-
| ||E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+||R
|-
| ||E coli/Klebsiella KPC+||R
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC neg||R
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC pos||R
|-
| ||[[Serratia]] sp||R
|-
| ||Serratia marcescens||R
|-
| ||[[Salmonella]] sp||X1
|-
| ||[[Shigella]] sp||X1
|-
| ||[[Proteus mirabilis]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Proteus vulgaris]]||R
|-
| ||[[Providencia sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Morganella sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter freundii]]||R
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter diversus]]||R
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Aeromonas sp]]||R
|-
| ||[[Acinetobacter sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]||R
|-
| ||[[Burkholderia cepacia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]||R
|-
| ||[[Francisella tularensis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Brucella sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Legionella sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Pasteurella multocida]]||R
|-
| ||[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]||R
|-
| ||[[Vibrio vulnificus]]||R
|-
| Misc||[[Chlamydophila sp]]||R
|-
| ||[[Mycoplasm pneumoniae]]||R
|-
| ||[[Rickettsia sp]]||R
|-
| ||[[Mycobacterium avium]]||R
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''Gram Positive'''
| Anaerobes||[[Actinomyces]]||X1
| [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (MSSA) || '''S'''
|-
|-
| [[Streptococcus agalactiae]] || '''S'''
| ||[[Bacteroides fragilis]]||R
|-
|-
| [[Streptococcus dysgalactiae]] || '''S'''
| ||[[Prevotella melaninogenica]]||X1
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''Gram Negative'''
| ||[[Clostridium difficile]]||X1
| [[Escherichia coli]] || '''S'''/I
|-
|-
| [[Corynebacterium]] spp. || '''S'''
| ||[[Clostridium (not difficile)]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Peptostreptococcus sp.]]||X1
|}
|}
'''Key''': '''S''' = Susceptible, '''I''' = Intermediate, '''R''' = Resistant


== References ==
===Key===
* Wikipedia contributors. "Cefalonium." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalonium)
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}
 
==See Also==
*[[Antibiotics (Main)]]
*[[Cefazolin]]
 
==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]]
[[Category:ID]]

Revisión actual - 17:20 27 ene 2026

General

  • Type: 1st generation Cephalosporin
  • Dosage Forms: Intramammary suspension, Ophthalmic ointment (Veterinary)
  • Dosage Strengths: Various veterinary formulations (e.g., 250mg)
  • Routes of Administration: Intramammary, Topical (Ocular)
  • Common Trade Names: Cepravin, Cefalonium

Adult Dosing

General

  • Clinical Note: Cefalonium is primarily a veterinary antibiotic used for "dry cow" therapy and ocular infections in animals.
  • There are no established FDA-approved dosing regimens for human systemic use in emergency medicine.

Pediatric Dosing

General

  • Not indicated for human pediatric use.

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Not defined for humans.
  • Lactation: Used in veterinary medicine specifically during the dry period to prevent mastitis; milk withholding periods apply to animals. Human safety data is not available.
  • Renal
    • Adult: Not defined for humans.
    • Pediatric: Not defined for humans.
  • Hepatic (Adult & Pediatric)
    • Not defined

Contraindications

  • Allergy to class/drug (Cephalosporins/Beta-lactams)

Adverse Reactions

Serious

Common

  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Local irritation (if applied topically)

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: Pharmacokinetics not well-characterized for human systemic use.
  • Metabolism: Not defined for humans.
  • Excretion: Urine (in animal models)
  • Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis (binds to penicillin-binding proteins).

Antibiotic Sensitivities

Group Organism Sensitivity
Gram Positive Strep. Group A, B, C, G S
Strep. Pneumoniae S
Viridans strep S
Strep. anginosus gp X1
Enterococcus faecalis R
Enterococcus faecium R
MSSA S
MRSA R
CA-MRSA R
Staph. Epidermidis I
C. jeikeium R
L. monocytogenes R
Gram Negatives N. gonorrhoeae X1
N. meningitidis R
Moraxella catarrhalis X1
H. influenzae X1
E. coli S
Klebsiella sp S
E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+ R
E coli/Klebsiella KPC+ R
Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg R
Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos R
Serratia sp R
Serratia marcescens R
Salmonella sp X1
Shigella sp X1
Proteus mirabilis S
Proteus vulgaris R
Providencia sp. R
Morganella sp. R
Citrobacter freundii R
Citrobacter diversus R
Citrobacter sp. R
Aeromonas sp R
Acinetobacter sp. R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa R
Burkholderia cepacia R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R
Yersinia enterocolitica R
Francisella tularensis R
Brucella sp. R
Legionella sp. R
Pasteurella multocida R
Haemophilus ducreyi R
Vibrio vulnificus R
Misc Chlamydophila sp R
Mycoplasm pneumoniae R
Rickettsia sp R
Mycobacterium avium R
Anaerobes Actinomyces X1
Bacteroides fragilis R
Prevotella melaninogenica X1
Clostridium difficile X1
Clostridium (not difficile) X1
Fusobacterium necrophorum X1
Peptostreptococcus sp. X1

Key

  • S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
  • I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
  • R resistant (or not effective clinically)
  • S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
  • U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
  • X1 no data
  • X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
  • X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
  • X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

See Also

References

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