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===[[Special:MyLanguage/Caustics|Caustics]]=== | ===[[Special:MyLanguage/Caustics|Caustics]]=== <!--T:1--> | ||
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*Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces | *Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces | ||
*Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact | *Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact | ||
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====Alkalis==== | ====Alkalis==== <!--T:3--> | ||
''see [[Alkali ingestion]] for a more comprehensive summary'' | |||
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*Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction | *Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction | ||
**Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues | **Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues | ||
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====Acids==== | ====Acids==== <!--T:5--> | ||
''see [[Acid ingestion]] for a more comprehensive summary'' | |||
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*Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death via denatured protein → coagulation necrosis and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement | *Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death via denatured protein → coagulation necrosis and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement | ||
**However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common | **However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common | ||
Revisión actual - 22:55 17 mar 2026
Caustics
- Substances that cause damage on contact with body surfaces
- Degree of injury determined by pH, concentration, volume, duration of contact
- Acidic agents cause coagulative necrosis
- Alkaline agents cause liquefactive necrosis (considered more damaging to most tissues)
- Corrosive agents have reducing, oxidising, denaturing or defatting potential
Alkalis
see Alkali ingestion for a more comprehensive summary
- Accepts protons → free hydroxide ion, which easily penetrates tissue → cellular destruction
- Liquefactive necrosis and protein disruption may allow for deep penetration into surrounding tissues
- Examples
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Lye present in drain cleaners, hair relaxers, grease remover
- Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and Ammonia (NH3)
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Acids
see Acid ingestion for a more comprehensive summary
- Proton donor → free hydrogen ion → cell death via denatured protein → coagulation necrosis and eschar formation, which limits deeper involvement
- However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common
- Mortality rate is higher compared to strong alkali ingestions
- However, due to pylorospasm and pooling of acid, high-grade gastric injuries are common
- Can be systemically absorbed and → metabolic acidosis, hemolysis, AKI
- Examples
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Phosphoric acid, Oxalic Acid, Acetic acid
- Found in: auto batteries, drain openers, toilet bowl, metal cleaners, swimming pool cleaners, rust remover, nail primer
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Phosphoric acid, Oxalic Acid, Acetic acid