Anticonvulsants

• Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
• Clobazam (Onfi)
• Diazepam (Valium)
• Ethosuximide
• Fosphenytoin
• Gabapentin (Neurontin)
• Lacosamide (Vimpat)
• Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
• Levetiracetam (Keppra)
• Lorazepam (Ativan)
• Midazolam (Versed)
• Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
• Pentobarbital
• Phenobarbital
• Phenytoin (Dilantin)
• Propofol
• Topiramate (Topamax)
• Valproate (Depakote)
• Zonisamide

Pediatric Anticonvulsants Table

Drug	Dose	Infusion Rate (Minutes)	Age	Comments/Cautions
Levetiracetam	60 mg/kg/dose IV/IO MAX: 4500 mg/dose	≥5	Any	Most commonly used agent
Fosphenytoin	20 mg phenytoin equivalent (PE)/kg/dose IV/IO/IM MAX: 1000 PE/dose	≥10	Any	Choose alternate drug if on phenytoin at home; may decrease BP/HR; not for toxin-induced seizures
Valproic acid	40 mg/kg/dose IV/IO MAX: 3000 mg/dose	≥10	≥2 years	Caution in patients with liver dysfunction, mitochondrial disease, urea disorder, thrombocytopenia, or unexplained developmental delay
Phenytoin	20 mg/kg/dose IV/IO MAX: 1000 mg/dose	≥20	Any	Choose alternate drug if on phenytoin at home; may decrease BP/HR; not for toxin-induced seizures
Phenobarbital	20 mg/kg/dose IV/IO MAX: 1000 mg/dose	≥20	<6 months	First line for most neonatal seizures. Respiratory depression, especially in combination with benzodiazepines

See Also

• Seizure
• Anticonvulsant levels and reloading