Syncope (DDx)

Cardiac

1. Structural
   1. Valvular heart disease
      1. AS
      2. Tricuspid stenosis
      3. Mitral stenosis
      4. Cardiomyopathy
   2. Pulmonary hypertension
   3. Myxoma
   4. Pericardial disease
   5. Aortic dissection
   6. PE
   7. Ischemia/infarction
2. Dysrhythmias
   1. Bradydysrhythmias
   2. Stokes-Adams attack
   3. Sinus node disease
   4. High degree AV block
   5. Pacemaker malfunction
   6. Tachydysrhythmias
   7. V-tach
   8. Torsades
   9. SVT
   10. A fib/flutter

Neural/Reflex-Mediated

1. Vasovagal
2. Situational
   1. Cough
   2. Micturition
   3. Defecation
   4. Swallow
   5. Neuralgia
3. Carotid sinus syndrome

Neurologic

1. TIA
2. Subclavian steal
3. Migraine

Orthostatic hypotension

Medications

Source

Tintinalli