Sea urchins - Revision history

Jonrako at 03:59, 17 August 2021

2021-08-17T03:59:25Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 03:59 17 ago 2021
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	*Minor to severe pain the the site of the embedded spine		*Minor to severe pain the the site of the embedded spine
			**They commonly break off, causing hyperpigmentation of the skin and secondary infection<ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref>
	*Venomous spines and pedicellariae generally cause much more severe pain and may be accompanied by systemic signs and symptoms with a significant envenomation including [[pruritus]], [[nausea]], vomiting, [[abdominal pain]], [[respiratory distress]], [[paresthesias]], muscle [[weakness]], and [[hypotension]]		*Venomous spines and pedicellariae generally cause much more severe pain and may be accompanied by systemic signs and symptoms with a significant envenomation including [[pruritus]], [[nausea]], vomiting, [[abdominal pain]], [[respiratory distress]], [[paresthesias]], muscle [[weakness]], and [[hypotension]]
	*Rarely severe envenomations can lead to death		*Rarely severe envenomations can lead to death
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	==Management==		==Management==

	*Emersion in non-scalding water up to 45°C		*Emersion in non-scalding water up to 45°C & Local lidocaine for pain control
	*Prompt removal of pedicellariae		*Prompt removal of pedicellariae
	*Remove spines/foreign bodies		*Remove spines/foreign bodies
			**Attempts to remove spines are often futile due to their fragile and friable nature.
			**Some areas may have an appearance of a spine due to "tattooing" of the skin<ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref>
	**If spines are intraarticular or near neurovascular structures they need to be carefully removed in the OR		**If spines are intraarticular or near neurovascular structures they need to be carefully removed in the OR
	*Thorough irrigation		*Thorough irrigation

Jonrako: /* Mechanism */

2021-08-17T03:55:42Z

Mechanism

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 03:55 17 ago 2021
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	===Mechanism===		===Mechanism===
	*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma		*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma
	**They commonly break off, causing hyperpigmentation of the skin and secondary infection<ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref>
	*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins		*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins
	*Pedicellariae attach to the victim and break off from the urchin, releasing venom for several hours		*Pedicellariae attach to the victim and break off from the urchin, releasing venom for several hours

Jonrako: /* Background */

2021-08-17T03:54:57Z

Background

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 03:54 17 ago 2021
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	==Background==		==Background==
	*Sea urchins are marine invertebrate echinoderms		*Sea urchins are marine invertebrate echinoderms
	*Anatomy consists of soft viscera surrounded by a hard plated body with protruding spines and pedicellariae		*Found world wide in both shallow and deep waters
			*Anatomy consists of soft viscera surrounded by a hard plated body ( called a "test") with protruding venomous spines and venomous pedicellariae
	*Around 950 known species and some are venomous<ref>Auerbach P. Chapter 73. Envenomation by aquatic invertebrates. In: Auerbach P. Wilderness Medicine.</ref>		*Around 950 known species and some are venomous<ref>Auerbach P. Chapter 73. Envenomation by aquatic invertebrates. In: Auerbach P. Wilderness Medicine.</ref>
	**Nonvenomous species have blunt, rounded spines		**Nonvenomous species have blunt, rounded spines
Línea 9:		Línea 10:
	===Mechanism===		===Mechanism===
	*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma		*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma
			**They commonly break off, causing hyperpigmentation of the skin and secondary infection<ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref>
	*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins		*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins
	*Pedicellariae attach to the victim and break off from the urchin, releasing venom for several hours		*Pedicellariae attach to the victim and break off from the urchin, releasing venom for several hours

ClaireLewis at 17:49, 25 October 2020

2020-10-25T17:49:58Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 17:49 25 oct 2020
Línea 16:		Línea 16:

	*Minor to severe pain the the site of the embedded spine		*Minor to severe pain the the site of the embedded spine
	*Venomous spines and pedicellariae generally cause much more severe pain and may be accompanied by systemic signs and symptoms with a significant envenomation including pruritus, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, ~~parasthesias~~, muscle weakness, and hypotension		*Venomous spines and pedicellariae generally cause much more severe pain and may be accompanied by systemic signs and symptoms with a significant envenomation including [[pruritus]], [[nausea]], vomiting, [[abdominal pain]], [[respiratory distress]], [[paresthesias]], muscle [[weakness]], and [[hypotension]]
	*Rarely severe envenomations can lead to death		*Rarely severe envenomations can lead to death

Línea 38:		Línea 38:
	**If spines are intraarticular or near neurovascular structures they need to be carefully removed in the OR		**If spines are intraarticular or near neurovascular structures they need to be carefully removed in the OR
	*Thorough irrigation		*Thorough irrigation
	*Update tetanus vaccination if needed		*Update [[tetanus vaccination]] if needed
	*Prophylactic antibiotics for deep puncture wounds		*Prophylactic [[antibiotics]] for deep puncture wounds

	==Disposition==		==Disposition==
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	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>
			[[Category:Environmental]]

Rossdonaldson1 at 17:49, 5 August 2020

2020-08-05T17:49:17Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 17:49 5 ago 2020
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	*Prophylactic antibiotics for deep puncture wounds		*Prophylactic antibiotics for deep puncture wounds

	===Complications===		==Disposition==
			*Depends on the extent and location of injury and degree of envenomation

			==Complications==
	*Retained spines		*Retained spines
	*Infection ('''[[Vibrio]]''' species)		*Infection ('''[[Vibrio]]''' species)
	*Granuloma and cyst formation		*Granuloma and cyst formation
	*

	~~==Disposition==~~
	*Depends on the extent and location of injury and degree of envenomation

	==See Also==		==See Also==

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2020-08-05T17:44:51Z

Background

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 17:44 5 ago 2020
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	===Mechanism===		===Mechanism===

	*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma		*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma
	*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins		*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins

Rossdonaldson1 at 17:44, 5 August 2020

2020-08-05T17:44:40Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 17:44 5 ago 2020
Línea 1:		Línea 1:
	==Background==		==Background==

	*Sea urchins are marine invertebrate echinoderms		*Sea urchins are marine invertebrate echinoderms
	*Anatomy consists of soft viscera surrounded by a hard plated body with protruding spines and pedicellariae		*Anatomy consists of soft viscera surrounded by a hard plated body with protruding spines and pedicellariae
	*Around 950 known species and some are venomous		*Around 950 known species and some are venomous<ref>Auerbach P. Chapter 73. Envenomation by aquatic invertebrates. In: Auerbach P. Wilderness Medicine.</ref>
	**Nonvenomous species have blunt, rounded spines		**Nonvenomous species have blunt, rounded spines
	**Venomous species have sharp, hollow, thin spines		**Venomous species have sharp, hollow, thin spines
Línea 9:		Línea 8:

	===Mechanism===		===Mechanism===
	*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma~~<ref>Auerbach P. Chapter 73. Envenomation by aquatic invertebrates. In: Auerbach P. Wilderness Medicine. </ref>~~
			*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma
	*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins		*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins
	*Pedicellariae attach to the victim and break off from the urchin, releasing venom for several hours		*Pedicellariae attach to the victim and break off from the urchin, releasing venom for several hours
Línea 61:		Línea 61:
	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>
	~~[[Category:Environmental]]~~
	~~[[Category:Toxicology]]~~

Ostermayer at 06:14, 1 August 2020

2020-08-01T06:14:54Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 06:14 1 ago 2020
Línea 9:		Línea 9:

	===Mechanism===		===Mechanism===
			*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma<ref>Auerbach P. Chapter 73. Envenomation by aquatic invertebrates. In: Auerbach P. Wilderness Medicine. </ref>
	*Nonvenomous spines cause direct trauma
	*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins		*Venoms are known to contain proteases, hemolysins, steroid glycosides, serotonin, cholinergic substances, and rarely neurotoxins
	*Pedicellariae attach to the victim and break off from the urchin, releasing venom for several hours		*Pedicellariae attach to the victim and break off from the urchin, releasing venom for several hours
Línea 62:		Línea 61:
	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>
	~~1.Auerbach P. Chapter 73. Envenomation by aquatic invertebrates. In~~: ~~Auerbach P. Wilderness Medicine.~~		[[Category:Environmental]]
			[[Category:Toxicology]]

Fredvarone: /* Management */

2020-07-29T18:14:34Z

Management

@@ Línea 1: / Línea 1: @@
 ==Background==
 ==Clinical Features==
 [[File:PMC3760923 abd-88-0496-g09.png|thumb|Black sea urchins (''Echinometra lucunter''). Below: spinesin the feet of bathers. Right: hyperkeratotic noduleson the hands of a diver who suffered several injuries caused by black sea urchins (foreign body granuloma).]]
 ==Differential Diagnosis==
@@ Línea 10: / Línea 27: @@
 ==Evaluation==
 ==Management==
 ==Disposition==
+*Depends on the extent and location of injury and degree of envenomation
 ==See Also==
@@ Línea 27: / Línea 62: @@
 ==References==
 <references/>

Rossdonaldson1: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2020-07-18T13:57:53Z

Differential Diagnosis

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 13:57 18 jul 2020
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	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
			{{Marine envenomation DDX}}

	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==