Pneumopericardium - Revision history

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2022-04-20T22:07:37Z

Background

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	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Body Cavities Frontal view labeled 2.jpg\|thumb\|The pericardial cavity in this image is labeled d and is part of the inferior mediastium. Here we can see its relation to the superior mediastinum a, the pleural cavities c, and the diaphragm e.]]
			[[File:2004 Heart Wall.jpg\|thumb\|Anatomy of the pericardium.]]
	*Air in the pericardium		*Air in the pericardium
	*Generally secondary to connection between pericardium and pleural cavity, bronchi, or GI tract		*Generally secondary to connection between pericardium and pleural cavity, bronchi, or GI tract

ClaireLewis at 17:01, 25 September 2019

2019-09-25T17:01:37Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 17:01 25 sep 2019
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	*[[Blast injury]]		*[[Blast injury]]
	*Blunt or penetrating [[thoracic trauma]]		*Blunt or penetrating [[thoracic trauma]]
	*Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome		*Neonatal [[respiratory distress syndrome]]

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
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	**[[Chest pain]]		**[[Chest pain]]
	**[[Pulsus paradoxus]]		**[[Pulsus paradoxus]]
	**Bradycardia		**[[Bradycardia]]
	**Tachycardia		**[[Tachycardia]]
			**May have subcutaneous emphysema
			**May have succussion splash if there is also a pericardial effusion
			**May have Hamman crunch

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
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	[[File:PMC4121728 pjms-30-924-g001.png\|thumb\|CT showing tension pneumopericardium, subcutaneous emphysema, bilateral pneumothorax, and a compressed heart.]]		[[File:PMC4121728 pjms-30-924-g001.png\|thumb\|CT showing tension pneumopericardium, subcutaneous emphysema, bilateral pneumothorax, and a compressed heart.]]
	*Assess for underlying cause		*Assess for underlying cause
	*Assess vital signs for tamponade physiology (Beck's triad)
	*Physical examination:
	**May have subcutaneous emphysema
	**May have succussion splash if there is also a pericardial effusion
	**May have Hamman crunch
	*[[CXR]]<ref>Bell, D. et al. Pneumopericardium. Radiopaedia.org. Retrieved March 8 2019.</ref>		*[[CXR]]<ref>Bell, D. et al. Pneumopericardium. Radiopaedia.org. Retrieved March 8 2019.</ref>
	**Heart partially or completely surrounded by gas		**Heart partially or completely surrounded by gas
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	*Treat underlying cause		*Treat underlying cause
	*Conservative management usually sufficient (usually self-resolves)		*Conservative management usually sufficient (usually self-resolves)
	*If tamponade physiology, may require pericardiocentesis		*If tamponade physiology, may require [[pericardiocentesis]]
	**If communicating pneumothorax, chest tube placement may resolve both<ref>Braiteh, F., and Malik, I. (2008). Pneumopericardium. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 179(10).</ref>		**If communicating pneumothorax, [[chest tube]] placement may resolve both<ref>Braiteh, F., and Malik, I. (2008). Pneumopericardium. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 179(10).</ref>

	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

Rossdonaldson1: /* See Also */

2019-04-02T03:45:49Z

Rossdonaldson1: /* Causes of pneumopericardium */

2019-04-02T03:45:31Z

Causes of pneumopericardium

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 03:45 2 abr 2019
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	*Pericardial fluid drainage		*Pericardial fluid drainage
	*[[Blast injury]]		*[[Blast injury]]
	*Blunt or penetrating [[~~Thoracic~~ trauma]]		*Blunt or penetrating [[thoracic trauma]]
	*Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome		*Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Rossdonaldson1 at 03:45, 2 April 2019

2019-04-02T03:45:03Z

@@ Línea 4: / Línea 4: @@
 *Most often found following trauma, severe asthma exacerbation, strangulation, or forceful drug insufflation
 ===Causes of pneumopericardium===
 *GI malignancy
@@ Línea 32: / Línea 21: @@
 *Blunt or penetrating [[Thoracic trauma]]
 *Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
 ==Evaluation==

Rossdonaldson1: /* Evaluation */

2019-04-02T03:39:36Z

Evaluation

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 03:39 2 abr 2019
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	[[File:PMC2700481 ATM-04-75-g032.png\|thumb\|Lucent line around the heart extending up to the main pulmonary arteries (solid white arrows). Air may accumulate inferior to the cardiac shadow, which crosses the midline above the diaphragm (i.e. continuous diaphragm sign)]]		[[File:PMC2700481 ATM-04-75-g032.png\|thumb\|Lucent line around the heart extending up to the main pulmonary arteries (solid white arrows). Air may accumulate inferior to the cardiac shadow, which crosses the midline above the diaphragm (i.e. continuous diaphragm sign)]]
	[[File:PMC4782482 APC-9-94-g002.png\|thumb\|Pneumopericardium on chest x-ray after battery button ingestion.]]		[[File:PMC4782482 APC-9-94-g002.png\|thumb\|Pneumopericardium on chest x-ray after battery button ingestion.]]
	[[File:Pneumothorax hemothorax pneumomediastinum contusion.jpg\|thumb\|CT scan showing pneumopericardium with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusion after severe chest trauma<ref>Konijn AJ, Egbers PH, Kuiper MA (2008). "Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 100. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-100. PMC 2323010. PMID 18394149.</ref>]]		[[File:PMC4121728 pjms-30-924-g001.png\|thumb\|CT showing tension pneumopericardium, subcutaneous emphysema, bilateral pneumothorax, and a compressed heart.]]
	[[File:PMC4121728 pjms-30-924-g001.png\|thumb\|CT showing subcutaneous emphysema, bilateral pneumothorax~~, tension pneumopericardium~~, and a compressed heart.]]
	*Assess for underlying cause		*Assess for underlying cause
	*Assess vital signs for tamponade physiology (Beck's triad)		*Assess vital signs for tamponade physiology (Beck's triad)

Rossdonaldson1: /* Evaluation */

2019-04-02T03:32:37Z

Evaluation

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 03:32 2 abr 2019
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	[[File:PMC4782482 APC-9-94-g002.png\|thumb\|Pneumopericardium on chest x-ray after battery button ingestion.]]		[[File:PMC4782482 APC-9-94-g002.png\|thumb\|Pneumopericardium on chest x-ray after battery button ingestion.]]
	[[File:Pneumothorax hemothorax pneumomediastinum contusion.jpg\|thumb\|CT scan showing pneumopericardium with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusion after severe chest trauma<ref>Konijn AJ, Egbers PH, Kuiper MA (2008). "Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 100. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-100. PMC 2323010. PMID 18394149.</ref>]]		[[File:Pneumothorax hemothorax pneumomediastinum contusion.jpg\|thumb\|CT scan showing pneumopericardium with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusion after severe chest trauma<ref>Konijn AJ, Egbers PH, Kuiper MA (2008). "Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 100. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-100. PMC 2323010. PMID 18394149.</ref>]]
			[[File:PMC4121728 pjms-30-924-g001.png\|thumb\|CT showing subcutaneous emphysema, bilateral pneumothorax, tension pneumopericardium, and a compressed heart.]]
	*Assess for underlying cause		*Assess for underlying cause
	*Assess vital signs for tamponade physiology (Beck's triad)		*Assess vital signs for tamponade physiology (Beck's triad)

Rossdonaldson1: /* See Also */

2019-04-02T03:29:09Z

Rossdonaldson1: /* Evaluation */

2019-04-02T03:28:28Z

Evaluation

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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
			[[File:PMC2700481 ATM-04-75-g032.png\|thumb\|Lucent line around the heart extending up to the main pulmonary arteries (solid white arrows). Air may accumulate inferior to the cardiac shadow, which crosses the midline above the diaphragm (i.e. continuous diaphragm sign)]]
	[[File:PMC4782482 APC-9-94-g002.png\|thumb\|Pneumopericardium on chest x-ray after battery button ingestion.]]		[[File:PMC4782482 APC-9-94-g002.png\|thumb\|Pneumopericardium on chest x-ray after battery button ingestion.]]
	[[File:Pneumothorax hemothorax pneumomediastinum contusion.jpg\|thumb\|CT scan showing pneumopericardium with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusion after severe chest trauma<ref>Konijn AJ, Egbers PH, Kuiper MA (2008). "Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 100. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-100. PMC 2323010. PMID 18394149.</ref>]]		[[File:Pneumothorax hemothorax pneumomediastinum contusion.jpg\|thumb\|CT scan showing pneumopericardium with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusion after severe chest trauma<ref>Konijn AJ, Egbers PH, Kuiper MA (2008). "Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 100. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-100. PMC 2323010. PMID 18394149.</ref>]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Evaluation */

2019-04-02T02:31:24Z

Evaluation

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 02:31 2 abr 2019
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	[[File:PMC4782482 APC-9-94-g002.png\|thumb\|Pneumopericardium on chest x-ray after battery button ingestion.		[[File:PMC4782482 APC-9-94-g002.png\|thumb\|Pneumopericardium on chest x-ray after battery button ingestion.]]
	[[File:Pneumothorax hemothorax pneumomediastinum contusion.jpg\|thumb\|CT scan showing pneumopericardium with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusion after severe chest trauma<ref>Konijn AJ, Egbers PH, Kuiper MA (2008). "Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 100. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-100. PMC 2323010. PMID 18394149.</ref>]]		[[File:Pneumothorax hemothorax pneumomediastinum contusion.jpg\|thumb\|CT scan showing pneumopericardium with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusion after severe chest trauma<ref>Konijn AJ, Egbers PH, Kuiper MA (2008). "Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 100. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-100. PMC 2323010. PMID 18394149.</ref>]]
	*Assess for underlying cause		*Assess for underlying cause

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 03:45 2 abr 2019
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[Thoracic trauma]]		*[[Thoracic trauma]]

	==References==		==References==

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 03:29 2 abr 2019
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
			*[Thoracic trauma]]

	==References==		==References==