Diabetes medications - Revision history

Danbot: Add verified PubMed references (PMIDs 27088241)

2026-03-22T10:55:50Z

Add verified PubMed references (PMIDs 27088241)

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 10:55 22 mar 2026
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	==Background==		==Background==
	*Hypoglycemics		*Hypoglycemics<ref>Maruthur NM, et al. Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Jun 7;164(11):740-51. PMID 27088241</ref>
	**Sulfonylureas		**Sulfonylureas
	**Benzoic acid derivatives		**Benzoic acid derivatives

ClaireLewis at 15:44, 28 September 2019

2019-09-28T15:44:10Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 15:44 28 sep 2019
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	==Sulfonylureas==		==Sulfonylureas==
	*~~Increases insulin secretion (~~[[~~glipizide~~]], [[glyburide]])		*[[Glipizide]], [[glyburide]]
			*Increase insulin secretion
	*[[Hypoglycemia]] is the major adverse effect (especially with glyburide)		*[[Hypoglycemia]] is the major adverse effect (especially with glyburide)

	==Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors==		==Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors==
	*~~acarbose~~, miglitol, voglibose		*Acarbose, miglitol, voglibose
	*~~competitively~~ and reversibly inhibit alpha glucosidase brush border hydrolase enzyme- makes postprandial decrease in carbohydrate absorption since complex polysaccharides not broken down into absorbable monosaccharides		*Competitively and reversibly inhibit alpha glucosidase brush border hydrolase enzyme- makes postprandial decrease in carbohydrate absorption since complex polysaccharides not broken down into absorbable monosaccharides. Does not affect lactose absorption
	*does not affect lactose absorption		*Taken with first bite of each meal
	*~~if hypoG- sucrose/ table sugar will not work- use glucose- PO or IV~~		*Since limited absorption, stays in gut and side effects mostly GI- bloating, gas, [[diarrhea]]
	*taken with first bite of each meal		**acarbose- can cause transaminitis/ liver inj
	*~~since~~ limited absorption, stays in gut and side effects mostly GI- bloating, gas, diarrhea		*Contraindications- [[cirrhosis]], [[IBD]], malabsorption syndrome
	*~~contraindications~~- cirrhosis, IBD, malabsorption ~~synd~~		*Do not cause [[hypoglycemia]] when used as monotherapy
	*~~alpha glucs do~~ not cause ~~hypoG~~ when used as ~~monotreatment~~		**If [[hypoglycemia\|hypoglycemic]]- sucrose/ table sugar will ''not'' work- use glucose- PO or IV
	*~~acarbose~~- ~~can cause transaminitis~~/ ~~liver inj~~		*Since minimal absorption- systemic toxicity from OD unlikely
	*~~since~~ minimal absorption- systemic toxicity from OD unlikely

	==Thiazolidinediones==		==Thiazolidinediones==
	*~~rosiglitazone~~ and poiglitazone		*Rosiglitazone and poiglitazone
	*~~enhance~~ insulin effect on muscle, fat, liver without increasing pancreatic insulin secretion		*Enhance insulin effect on muscle, fat, liver without increasing pancreatic insulin secretion
	*~~protein~~ bound and hepatic metabolism - avoid in patients with liver disease		*Protein bound and hepatic metabolism - avoid in patients with liver disease
	*~~side~~ effects- induces ovulation, decreases effectiveness of OCP's, increases plasma volume (bad if CHF)		*Side effects- induces ovulation, decreases effectiveness of OCP's, increases plasma volume (bad if CHF)

	==Benzoic Acid Derivatives==		==Benzoic Acid Derivatives==
	*~~repaglinide~~- ~~mono~~ or combined with metformin		*Repaglinide- monotherapy or combined with metformin
	*binds to ATP dependent potassium channel like sulfonyls but at different site.		*binds to ATP dependent potassium channel like sulfonyls but at different site.
	*Unlike sulfonyls, it decreases insulin ~~lvls~~		*Unlike sulfonyls, it ''decreases'' insulin levels
	*Dose 30 min before meal to decrease ~~post prandial~~ hyperglycemia		*Dose 30 min before meal to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia

	==[[GLP-1 agonists]]==		==[[GLP-1 agonists]]==
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	==[[DPP-4 inhibitors]]==		==[[DPP-4 inhibitors]]==
			*Sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin
			*Block DPP-4, which leads to increased activity of incretins, which inhibit glucagon release, which in turn increase insulin secretion and slow gastric emptying, ultimately decreasing blood glucose levels
			*Potential serious adverse events include acute [[pancreatitis]], [[anaphylaxis]]/[[angioedema]], [[SJS]]

	==[[SGLT-2 inhibitors]]==		==[[SGLT-2 inhibitors]]==
			*Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
			*Inhibit sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, decreasing glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule
			*Potential serious adverse event: euglycemic [[DKA]]

	==See Also==		==See Also==

ClaireLewis at 22:36, 25 August 2019

2019-08-25T22:36:47Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 22:36 25 ago 2019
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	Suppresses liver glucose production		Suppresses liver glucose production
	===Dose===		===Dose===
	Metformin 500mg PO BID is first-line agent for type II diabetics		[[Metformin]] 500mg PO BID is first-line agent for type II diabetics
	*Do not prescribe if creatinine > 1.4 (GFR <40), CHF, hepatic insufficiency, ETOH abuse		*Do not prescribe if creatinine > 1.4 (GFR <40), CHF, hepatic insufficiency, ETOH abuse
	*Should be withheld for 48hr after IV contrast		*Should be withheld for 48hr after IV contrast
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	==Sulfonylureas==		==Sulfonylureas==
	*Increases insulin secretion (glipizide, glyburide)		*Increases insulin secretion ([[glipizide]], [[glyburide]])
	*[[Hypoglycemia]] is the major adverse effect (~~esp~~ with glyburide)		*[[Hypoglycemia]] is the major adverse effect (especially with glyburide)

	==Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors==		==Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors==

SLuckettG: /* Thiazolidinediones */

2019-02-05T00:30:33Z

Thiazolidinediones

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 00:30 5 feb 2019
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	==Thiazolidinediones==		==Thiazolidinediones==
	*rosiglitazone and poiglitazone		*rosiglitazone and poiglitazone
	*enhance insulin effect on muscle, fat, liver without increasing ~~panc~~ insulin secretion		*enhance insulin effect on muscle, fat, liver without increasing pancreatic insulin secretion
	*protein bound and ~~hep metab~~- ~~not good if~~ liver disease		*protein bound and hepatic metabolism - avoid in patients with liver disease
	*side effects- ~~induce~~ ovulation, ~~decrease~~ effectiveness of OCP's, ~~increase~~ plasma volume (bad if CHF)		*side effects- induces ovulation, decreases effectiveness of OCP's, increases plasma volume (bad if CHF)

	==Benzoic Acid Derivatives==		==Benzoic Acid Derivatives==

Mholtz: Text replacement - "==References== " to "==References== "

2017-07-23T13:23:11Z

Text replacement - "==References== " to "==References== <references/> "

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 13:23 23 jul 2017
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	==References==		==References==
			<references/>

	[[Category:Endocrinology]]		[[Category:Endocrinology]]
	[[Category:Pharmacology]]		[[Category:Pharmacology]]

Carpenj at 03:16, 18 April 2017

2017-04-18T03:16:21Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 03:16 18 abr 2017
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	==[[DPP-4 inhibitors]]==		==[[DPP-4 inhibitors]]==

			==[[SGLT-2 inhibitors]]==

	==See Also==		==See Also==

Rossdonaldson1: /* See Also */

2017-01-18T13:22:25Z

Rossdonaldson1: Text replacement - "Hypoglycemia" to "Hypoglycemia"

2016-09-24T17:31:06Z

Text replacement - "*Hypoglycemia" to "*Hypoglycemia"

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 17:31 24 sep 2016
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	==Sulfonylureas==		==Sulfonylureas==
	*Increases insulin secretion (glipizide, glyburide)		*Increases insulin secretion (glipizide, glyburide)
	*Hypoglycemia is the major adverse effect (esp with glyburide)		*[[Hypoglycemia]] is the major adverse effect (esp with glyburide)

	==Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors==		==Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors==

Markmonterroso: I had planned to add a small section to this page when I added a page for GLP-1 agonists. Thank you

2016-09-05T22:07:08Z

I had planned to add a small section to this page when I added a page for GLP-1 agonists. Thank you

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 22:07 5 sep 2016
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	==[[GLP-1 agonists]]==		==[[GLP-1 agonists]]==
			*Exanatide (Byetta and Bydureon), Liraglutide (Victoza)
			*Synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists
			*Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic islet cells
			*May promote weight loss by slowing gastric emptying and increasing satiety

	==See Also==		==See Also==

Rossdonaldson1 at 23:32, 25 August 2016

2016-08-25T23:32:52Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 23:32 25 ago 2016
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	*Unlike sulfonyls, it decreases insulin lvls		*Unlike sulfonyls, it decreases insulin lvls
	*Dose 30 min before meal to decrease post prandial hyperglycemia		*Dose 30 min before meal to decrease post prandial hyperglycemia

			==[[GLP-1 agonists]]==

	==See Also==		==See Also==

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 13:22 18 ene 2017
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	*Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic islet cells		*Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic islet cells
	*May promote weight loss by slowing gastric emptying and increasing satiety		*May promote weight loss by slowing gastric emptying and increasing satiety

			==[[DPP-4 inhibitors]]==

	==See Also==		==See Also==