Cocaine - Revision history

Kramarsh at 14:35, 16 March 2018

2018-03-16T14:35:30Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 14:35 16 mar 2018
Línea 1:		Línea 1:
	''This page is for the drug cocaine; for clinical effects see [[cocaine toxicity]]''		''This page is for the drug cocaine; for clinical effects see [[cocaine toxicity]]''
	==Administration==		==Administration==
	*Type:		*Type: Local anesthetic
	*Dosage Forms:		*Dosage Forms: 4% solution; 10% solution
	*Routes of Administration:		*Routes of Administration: Topical
	*Common Trade Names:		*Common Trade Names: Cocaine

	==Adult Dosing==		==Adult Dosing==
			*1-3 mg/kg, max dose of 200 mg
			**Some literature suggests maximum dose of 100 mg
			**Ideally use lowest effective dose

	==Pediatric Dosing==		==Pediatric Dosing==
			*1 mg/kg
			**No clear safe dose established

	==Special Populations==		==Special Populations==
	*[[Drug pregnancy categories\|Pregnancy Rating]]:		*[[Drug pregnancy categories\|Pregnancy Rating]]: Category C
	*Lactation risk:		*Lactation risk: Infant risk has been demonstrated
	===Renal Dosing===		===Renal Dosing===
	*Adult:		*Adult: N/A
	*Pediatric:		*Pediatric: N/A
	===Hepatic Dosing===		===Hepatic Dosing===
	*Adult:		*Adult: N/A
	*Pediatric:		*Pediatric: N/A

	==Contraindications==		==Contraindications==
Línea 34:		Línea 37:

	==Pharmacology==		==Pharmacology==
	*Half-life:		*Half-life: 50 to 75 minutes (5.5 hours benzoylecgonine metabolite)
	*Metabolism:		*Metabolism: Plasma cholinesterase; liver
	*Excretion:		*Excretion: Renal

	==Mechanism of Action==		==Mechanism of Action==
Línea 49:		Línea 52:

	==References==		==References==
			Micromedex
	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:Pharmacology]]		[[Category:Pharmacology]]

Rossdonaldson1 at 20:05, 18 February 2017

2017-02-18T20:05:10Z

@@ Línea 46: / Línea 46: @@
 ==See Also==
+*[[Cocaine toxicity]]
 ==References==
@@ Línea 52: / Línea 52: @@
 [[Category:Pharmacology]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Adverse Reactions */

2017-02-18T20:04:28Z

Adverse Reactions

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 20:04 18 feb 2017
Línea 26:		Línea 26:

	==Adverse Reactions==		==Adverse Reactions==
	*Acute		*[[Cocaine-associated chest pain]]
	**[[Cocaine-associated chest pain]]		*Sympathomimetic qualities
	**Sympathomimetic qualities		**Tachycardia
	***Tachycardia		**Fever
	***Fever		**Agitation
	***Agitation		**Diaphoresis
	***Diaphoresis
	**Pulmonary Complications:
	***"Crack lung"<ref>Forrester, J. M., Steele, A. W., Waldron, J. A. and Parsons, P. E. (1990) ‘Crack Lung: An Acute Pulmonary Syndrome with a Spectrum of Clinical and Histopathologic Findings’, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 142(2), pp. 462–467. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/142.2.462.</ref>
	***Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage<ref>Ettinger, N. A. and Albin, R. J. (1989) ‘A review of the respiratory effects of smoking cocaine’, The American Journal of Medicine, 87(6), pp. 664–668. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(89)80401-2.</ref>
	***[[ARDS]]
	***Acute eosinophilic pneumonia
	***[[Pneumothorax]]
	***[[Pneumomediastinum]]
	***Thermal epiglottitis - hot cocaine
	*Chronic
	**Atherosclerosis
	**Cardiomyopathy
	**Nasal Septum damage
	**Up to 70% of US cocaine tainted with [[levamisole]], potentially leading to [[neutropenia]], [[vasculitis]]


	==Pharmacology==		==Pharmacology==

Rossdonaldson1 at 19:35, 18 February 2017

2017-02-18T19:35:45Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 19:35 18 feb 2017
Línea 1:		Línea 1:
	''This page is for the drug cocaine; for clinical effects see [[cocaine toxicity]]''		''This page is for the drug cocaine; for clinical effects see [[cocaine toxicity]]''
	==~~Background~~==		==Administration==
	~~[[File~~:~~Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg.png \|thumb\|Cocaine chemical structure]]~~		*Type:
	*~~A [[Sympathomimetic toxicity\|sympathomimetic]] stimulant derived from an alkaloid paste made from the leaves~~ of ~~the coca plant~~		*Dosage Forms:
	*~~Both a legitimate medical drug and a drug of abuse~~		*Routes of Administration:
			*Common Trade Names:

	===~~Forms of Abuse~~===		==Adult Dosing==
	*Cocaine can be smoked, snorted, injected or ingested
	*Smoked form is often in a free-base or crack form

	~~===Detection===~~
	*Unreliable in very acute intoxication<ref>McCord J, et al. Management of Cocaine-associated chest pain and myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008; 117: 1897-1907.</ref>
	*Qualitative urine detection of cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine at cut-off of 300 ng/ml
	**On average, shows up in urine 24-48 hrs after use
	**Up to 22 days in chronic users

	==Adverse ~~effects~~==		==Pediatric Dosing==


			==Special Populations==
			*[[Drug pregnancy categories\|Pregnancy Rating]]:
			*Lactation risk:
			===Renal Dosing===
			*Adult:
			*Pediatric:
			===Hepatic Dosing===
			*Adult:
			*Pediatric:

			==Contraindications==
			*Allergy to class/drug

			==Adverse Reactions==
	*Acute		*Acute
	**[[Cocaine-associated chest pain]]		**[[Cocaine-associated chest pain]]
Línea 37:		Línea 47:
	**Up to 70% of US cocaine tainted with [[levamisole]], potentially leading to [[neutropenia]], [[vasculitis]]		**Up to 70% of US cocaine tainted with [[levamisole]], potentially leading to [[neutropenia]], [[vasculitis]]

	==Mechanism of ~~action~~==
			==Pharmacology==
			*Half-life:
			*Metabolism:
			*Excretion:

			==Mechanism of Action==
	*Blocks reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine		*Blocks reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine
	*Anesthetic effects achieved through sodium channel blockade		*Anesthetic effects achieved through sodium channel blockade

	==~~Differential Diagnosis~~==		==Comments==
	~~{{Sympathomimetic types}}~~

			==See Also==


			==References==
			<references/>

			[[Category:Pharmacology]]

	==See Also==		==See Also==

Rossdonaldson1 at 19:27, 18 February 2017

2017-02-18T19:27:39Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 19:27 18 feb 2017
Línea 17:		Línea 17:
	==Adverse effects==		==Adverse effects==
	*Acute		*Acute
	**[[~~Chest~~ pain]]		**[[Cocaine-associated chest pain]]
	**Sympathomimetic qualities		**Sympathomimetic qualities
	***Tachycardia		***Tachycardia

Rossdonaldson1: Text replacement - "Chest pain" to "Chest pain"

2016-09-25T22:27:31Z

Text replacement - "*Chest pain" to "*Chest pain"

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 22:27 25 sep 2016
Línea 17:		Línea 17:
	==Adverse effects==		==Adverse effects==
	*Acute		*Acute
	**Chest pain		**[[Chest pain]]
	**Sympathomimetic qualities		**Sympathomimetic qualities
	***Tachycardia		***Tachycardia

Rossdonaldson1 at 10:38, 8 September 2016

2016-09-08T10:38:05Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 10:38 8 sep 2016
Línea 1:		Línea 1:
			''This page is for the drug cocaine; for clinical effects see [[cocaine toxicity]]''
	==Background==		==Background==
	[[File:Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg.png \|thumb\|Cocaine chemical structure]]		[[File:Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg.png \|thumb\|Cocaine chemical structure]]
Línea 44:		Línea 45:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Sympathomimetic ~~Toxicity~~]]		*[[Sympathomimetic toxicity]]
	*[[Cocaine ~~Intoxication~~]]		*[[Cocaine toxicity]]
	*[[Cocaine Chest Pain]]		*[[Cocaine Chest Pain]]
	*[[Cocaine Withdrawal]]		*[[Cocaine Withdrawal]]

Ostermayer: Text replacement - "Category:Tox" to "Category:Toxicology"

2016-03-22T16:23:35Z

Text replacement - "Category:Tox" to "Category:Toxicology"

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 16:23 22 mar 2016
Línea 50:		Línea 50:
	*[[Levamisole toxicity]]		*[[Levamisole toxicity]]

	[[Category:~~Tox~~]]		[[Category:Toxicology]]
	[[Category:Pharmacology]]		[[Category:Pharmacology]]

	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>

Ostermayer: Text replacement - "Category:Drugs" to "Category:Pharmacology"

2016-03-22T15:52:43Z

Text replacement - "Category:Drugs" to "Category:Pharmacology"

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 15:52 22 mar 2016
Línea 51:		Línea 51:

	[[Category:Tox]]		[[Category:Tox]]
	[[Category:~~Drugs~~]]		[[Category:Pharmacology]]

	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>

Carpenj: /* Adverse effects */

2016-01-09T01:46:44Z

Adverse effects

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 01:46 9 ene 2016
Línea 34:		Línea 34:
	**Cardiomyopathy		**Cardiomyopathy
	**Nasal Septum damage		**Nasal Septum damage
			**Up to 70% of US cocaine tainted with [[levamisole]], potentially leading to [[neutropenia]], [[vasculitis]]

	==Mechanism of action==		==Mechanism of action==