Cataracts - Revision history

ClaireLewis at 15:57, 8 February 2021

2021-02-08T15:57:18Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 15:57 8 feb 2021
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	==Background==		==Background==
	[[File:Schematic diagram of the human eye en.png\|thumb\|Eye anatomy.]]		[[File:Schematic diagram of the human eye en.png\|thumb\|Eye anatomy.]]
	* ~~A cataract is an opacification~~ of the lens of one or both eyes, which can lead to decreased visual acuity and visual distortions		*Opacification of the lens of one or both eyes, which can lead to decreased visual acuity and visual distortions
	* ~~Cataracts are most~~ commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by eye trauma, exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes		*Most commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by [[eye trauma]], exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes
	* By age 80, approximately 50% of Americans have been diagnosed with one or more cataracts<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>		*By age 80, approximately 50% of Americans have been diagnosed with one or more cataracts<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>
	* Additional risk factors for cataract include ~~Diabetes~~, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol use<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref><ref>West SK, and Valmadrid CT, "Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract," Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(4):323.</ref>		*Additional risk factors for cataract include diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol use<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref><ref>West SK, and Valmadrid CT, "Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract," Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(4):323.</ref>
	* ~~A cataract is typically~~ a non-emergent pathology ~~which~~ can be managed with outpatient ophthalmologic surgery on a routine basis.		*Typically a non-emergent pathology and can be managed with outpatient ophthalmologic surgery on a routine basis.
	* With the exception of traumatic cataract, vision loss ~~for~~ cataract is typically not acute, ~~and will develop~~ over the course of months to years.		**With the exception of traumatic cataract, [[vision loss]] from cataract is typically ''not'' acute; rather, develops over the course of months to years.

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	[[File:Dense white mature cataract.jpg\|thumb\|right\|The appearance of a dense, white cataract in a 60 year-old male. ]]		[[File:Dense white mature cataract.jpg\|thumb\|right\|The appearance of a dense, white cataract in a 60 year-old male. ]]
			*Vision loss typically not acute but develops over months to years (unless traumatic cataract)
	=== History ===		=== History ===
	* Cloudy or blurry vision		* Cloudy or blurry vision
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	* Colors appear faded		* Colors appear faded
	* Appearance of a halo around bright lights		* Appearance of a halo around bright lights
	* Recent trauma to the eye		* +/- Recent trauma to the eye
	=== Exam Findings ===		=== Exam Findings ===
	* Lens opacity ~~on ophthalmic examination~~		* Lens opacity
	* Darkening of ~~the~~ red reflex		* Darkening of red reflex
	* Decreased visual acuity		* Decreased visual acuity

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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	~~===Workup===~~		*Typically diagnosed clinically by the finding of lens opacity on direct ophthalmic exam
	~~Eye Examination<ref>American Academy~~ of ~~Ophtalmology, "The 8-Point Eye Exam" <https://www.aao.org/young-ophthalmologists/yo-info/article/how-to-conduct-eight-point-ophthalmology-~~exam~~>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>~~		**Precise classification (nuclear, cortical, posterior sub-capsular) may be done by ophthalmologist
	* ~~Visual Acuity~~		*If the patient has risk factors for diabetes or HIV/AIDS, consider appropriate diagnostic tests
	* ~~Pupillary Examination~~
	* Intra-~~ocular Pressures~~
	* ~~Extra-ocular motility and alignment~~
	* Confrontation Visual Fields
	* External Examination
	* Slit lamp examination
	* Fundoscopic examination

	If the patient has risk factors for diabetes or HIV/AIDS, ~~the~~ appropriate diagnostic tests ~~should be considered.~~

	~~An ophthalmologist will be capable of doing a dilated eye examination, which can aid in the diagnosis and classification of cataract.~~

	~~Note: If a cataract is suspected to be secondary to trauma, a full neurologic examination and traumatic survey should be done.~~

	~~===Diagnosis===~~
	* The diagnosis of cataract is based on the finding of lens opacity on direct ophthalmic examination.
	* Cataracts are typically classified using the lens opacities classification system.
	* Cataracts can be classified as nuclear, cortical, or posterior sub-capsular, however characterization of cataract is typically done by an ophthalmologist.

	==Management==		==Management==
	* ~~The definitive~~ treatment ~~for a cataract~~ is outpatient ~~surgical management with an ophthalmologist~~		*Definitive treatment is (typically outpatient, non-emergent) surgery, wherein clouded lens is removed and replaced with clear, artificial lens
	* During a cataract surgery, ~~the patient's~~ clouded lens is removed, and ~~it is~~ replaced with a clear, artificial lens ~~for the eye.~~		*Other supportive care modalities that help with visual symptoms include:<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>

	Other supportive care modalities that help with visual symptoms include:<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>
	* Using brighter lights while at work or at home		* Using brighter lights while at work or at home
	* A trial of anti-glare ~~suncglasses~~ for outdoor activities		* A trial of anti-glare sunglasses for outdoor activities
	* Using magnifying lens glasses for reading and other daily		* Using magnifying lens glasses for reading and other daily

	==Disposition==		==Disposition==
	~~If the diagnosis of cataract is made, the usual disposition is outpatient~~ follow up ~~with an ophthalmologist within 1-2 weeks to discuss the potential for surgical management.~~		*Discharge with optho follow up

	==See Also==		==See Also==

Rossdonaldson1: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2020-12-17T04:19:32Z

Differential Diagnosis

@@ Línea 25: / Línea 25: @@
 ===Subacute Vision Loss (Noninflamed)===
 * Congenital blindness
 * Diabetic retinopathy
 {{Eye trauma}}
+{{Unilateral red eye DDX}}
 ==Evaluation==

Rossdonaldson1: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2020-12-17T04:18:42Z

Differential Diagnosis

@@ Línea 28: / Línea 28: @@
 * Diabetic retinopathy
-===[[Orbital trauma]]===
+{{Eye trauma}}
 ===[[Unilateral red eye]]===

Rossdonaldson1: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2020-12-17T04:17:34Z

Differential Diagnosis

@@ Línea 22: / Línea 22: @@
 ==Differential Diagnosis==
+{{Acute vision loss noninflamed DDX}}
 ===Subacute Vision Loss (Noninflamed)===

Rossdonaldson1 at 04:16, 17 December 2020

2020-12-17T04:16:50Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 04:16 17 dic 2020
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	* Cataracts are most commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by eye trauma, exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes		* Cataracts are most commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by eye trauma, exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes
	* By age 80, approximately 50% of Americans have been diagnosed with one or more cataracts<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>		* By age 80, approximately 50% of Americans have been diagnosed with one or more cataracts<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>
	* Additional risk factors for cataract include Diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol use<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref><ref>#West SK, and Valmadrid CT, "Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract," Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(4):323.</ref>		* Additional risk factors for cataract include Diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol use<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref><ref>West SK, and Valmadrid CT, "Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract," Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(4):323.</ref>
	* A cataract is typically a non-emergent pathology which can be managed with outpatient ophthalmologic surgery on a routine basis.		* A cataract is typically a non-emergent pathology which can be managed with outpatient ophthalmologic surgery on a routine basis.
	* With the exception of traumatic cataract, vision loss for cataract is typically not acute, and will develop over the course of months to years.		* With the exception of traumatic cataract, vision loss for cataract is typically not acute, and will develop over the course of months to years.
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	===Workup===		===Workup===
	Eye Examination<ref>#American Academy of Ophtalmology, "The 8-Point Eye Exam" <https://www.aao.org/young-ophthalmologists/yo-info/article/how-to-conduct-eight-point-ophthalmology-exam>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>		Eye Examination<ref>American Academy of Ophtalmology, "The 8-Point Eye Exam" <https://www.aao.org/young-ophthalmologists/yo-info/article/how-to-conduct-eight-point-ophthalmology-exam>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>
	* Visual Acuity		* Visual Acuity
	* Pupillary Examination		* Pupillary Examination

Rossdonaldson1 at 04:16, 17 December 2020

2020-12-17T04:16:14Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 04:16 17 dic 2020
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	* A cataract is an opacification of the lens of one or both eyes, which can lead to decreased visual acuity and visual distortions		* A cataract is an opacification of the lens of one or both eyes, which can lead to decreased visual acuity and visual distortions
	* Cataracts are most commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by eye trauma, exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes		* Cataracts are most commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by eye trauma, exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes
	* By age 80, approximately 50% of Americans have been diagnosed with one or more cataracts<ref>#National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>		* By age 80, approximately 50% of Americans have been diagnosed with one or more cataracts<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>
	* Additional risk factors for cataract include Diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol use<ref>#National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref><ref>#West SK, and Valmadrid CT, "Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract," Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(4):323.</ref>		* Additional risk factors for cataract include Diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol use<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref><ref>#West SK, and Valmadrid CT, "Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract," Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(4):323.</ref>
	* A cataract is typically a non-emergent pathology which can be managed with outpatient ophthalmologic surgery on a routine basis.		* A cataract is typically a non-emergent pathology which can be managed with outpatient ophthalmologic surgery on a routine basis.
	* With the exception of traumatic cataract, vision loss for cataract is typically not acute, and will develop over the course of months to years.		* With the exception of traumatic cataract, vision loss for cataract is typically not acute, and will develop over the course of months to years.
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	* During a cataract surgery, the patient's clouded lens is removed, and it is replaced with a clear, artificial lens for the eye.		* During a cataract surgery, the patient's clouded lens is removed, and it is replaced with a clear, artificial lens for the eye.

	Other supportive care modalities that help with visual symptoms include:<ref>#National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>		Other supportive care modalities that help with visual symptoms include:<ref>National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>
	* Using brighter lights while at work or at home		* Using brighter lights while at work or at home
	* A trial of anti-glare suncglasses for outdoor activities		* A trial of anti-glare suncglasses for outdoor activities
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	==Disposition==		==Disposition==
	If the diagnosis of cataract is made, the usual disposition is outpatient ~~followup~~ with an ophthalmologist within 1-2 weeks to discuss the potential for surgical management.		If the diagnosis of cataract is made, the usual disposition is outpatient follow up with an ophthalmologist within 1-2 weeks to discuss the potential for surgical management.

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	~~====~~[[Acute Vision Loss (Noninflamed)]]~~====~~		*[[Acute Vision Loss (Noninflamed)]]
	~~====~~[[Orbital trauma]]~~====~~		*[[Orbital trauma]]
	~~====~~[[Unilateral red eye]]~~====~~		*[[Unilateral red eye]]

	==External Links==		==External Links==

Rossdonaldson1 at 04:14, 17 December 2020

2020-12-17T04:14:44Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 04:14 17 dic 2020
Línea 3:		Línea 3:
	* A cataract is an opacification of the lens of one or both eyes, which can lead to decreased visual acuity and visual distortions		* A cataract is an opacification of the lens of one or both eyes, which can lead to decreased visual acuity and visual distortions
	* Cataracts are most commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by eye trauma, exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes		* Cataracts are most commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by eye trauma, exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes
	* By age 80, approximately 50% of Americans have been diagnosed with one or more cataracts<~~sup~~>~~[1]~~</~~sup~~>		* By age 80, approximately 50% of Americans have been diagnosed with one or more cataracts<ref>#National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>
	* Additional risk factors for cataract include Diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol use<~~sup~~>~~[1]~~</~~sup~~><~~sup~~>~~[2]~~</~~sup~~>		* Additional risk factors for cataract include Diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol use<ref>#National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref><ref>#West SK, and Valmadrid CT, "Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract," Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(4):323.</ref>
	* A cataract is typically a non-emergent pathology which can be managed with outpatient ophthalmologic surgery on a routine basis.		* A cataract is typically a non-emergent pathology which can be managed with outpatient ophthalmologic surgery on a routine basis.
	* With the exception of traumatic cataract, vision loss for cataract is typically not acute, and will develop over the course of months to years.		* With the exception of traumatic cataract, vision loss for cataract is typically not acute, and will develop over the course of months to years.
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	===Workup===		===Workup===
	Eye Examination<~~sup~~>~~[3]~~</~~sup~~>		Eye Examination<ref>#American Academy of Ophtalmology, "The 8-Point Eye Exam" <https://www.aao.org/young-ophthalmologists/yo-info/article/how-to-conduct-eight-point-ophthalmology-exam>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>
	* Visual Acuity		* Visual Acuity
	* Pupillary Examination		* Pupillary Examination
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	* During a cataract surgery, the patient's clouded lens is removed, and it is replaced with a clear, artificial lens for the eye.		* During a cataract surgery, the patient's clouded lens is removed, and it is replaced with a clear, artificial lens for the eye.

	Other supportive care modalities that help with visual symptoms include:<~~sup~~>~~[1]~~</~~sup~~>		Other supportive care modalities that help with visual symptoms include:<ref>#National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020</ref>
	* Using brighter lights while at work or at home		* Using brighter lights while at work or at home
	* A trial of anti-glare suncglasses for outdoor activities		* A trial of anti-glare suncglasses for outdoor activities
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	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>
	~~#National Eye Institute, "Cataracts" <https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts>, accessed 16 Dec 2020~~
	~~#West SK, and Valmadrid CT, "Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract," Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(4):323.~~
	~~#American Academy of Ophtalmology, "The 8-Point Eye Exam" <https://www.aao.org/young-ophthalmologists/yo-info/article/how-to-conduct-eight-point-ophthalmology-exam>, accessed 16 Dec 2020~~

	[[Category:Ophthalmology]]		[[Category:Ophthalmology]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2020-12-16T20:46:31Z

Background

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 20:46 16 dic 2020
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	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Schematic diagram of the human eye en.png\|thumb\|Eye anatomy.]]
	* A cataract is an opacification of the lens of one or both eyes, which can lead to decreased visual acuity and visual distortions		* A cataract is an opacification of the lens of one or both eyes, which can lead to decreased visual acuity and visual distortions
	* Cataracts are most commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by eye trauma, exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes		* Cataracts are most commonly due to normal age related changes, however they can also be caused by eye trauma, exposure to sunlight or radiation, malnutrition, corticosteroid use, and other pathologic processes

Jmf300: /* See Also */

2020-12-16T20:45:35Z

Jmf300: /* See Also */

2020-12-16T20:28:04Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 20:45 16 dic 2020
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
	===[[Acute Vision Loss (Noninflamed)]]===		====[[Acute Vision Loss (Noninflamed)]]====
	===[[Orbital trauma]]===		====[[Orbital trauma]]====
	===[[Unilateral red eye]]===		====[[Unilateral red eye]]====

	==External Links==		==External Links==

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 20:28 16 dic 2020
Línea 120:		Línea 120:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
			===[[Acute Vision Loss (Noninflamed)]]===
			===[[Orbital trauma]]===
			===[[Unilateral red eye]]===

	==External Links==		==External Links==
	*https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts		*https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts