Cadmium toxicity - Revision history

Elcatracho: /* See Also */

2021-03-09T01:09:21Z

Elcatracho: /* Inhalation */

2021-03-09T00:12:56Z

Inhalation

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	*Supplemental oxygen		*Supplemental oxygen
	*Monitor [[ABG]], check [[CXR]]		*Monitor [[ABG]], check [[CXR]]
	*Treat wheezing and pulmonary edema		*Treat wheezing and [[pulmonary edema]]

	===Ingestion===		===Ingestion===

Elcatracho: /* Ingestion */

2021-03-09T00:09:17Z

Ingestion

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	===Ingestion===		===Ingestion===
	*[[Activated charcoal]] or lavage		*[[Activated charcoal]] or [[gastric lavage]]
	*Volume resuscitation to counter fluid losses		*[[IVF\|Volume resuscitation]] to counter fluid losses
	*No role for hemodialysis		*No role for [[hemodialysis]]

	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

Rossdonaldson1: /* See Also */

2018-03-14T13:00:20Z

Rossdonaldson1: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2018-03-14T12:59:53Z

Differential Diagnosis

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	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
			{{Heavy metals list}}

	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==

Rossdonaldson1: /* References */

2018-03-14T12:59:37Z

References

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	<references/>		<references/>
	*Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999.		*Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999.
	*Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018).
	[[Category:Toxicology]]		[[Category:Toxicology]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* References */

2018-03-14T12:59:20Z

References

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	==References==		==References==
			<references/>
	*Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999.		*Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999.
	*Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018).		*Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018).
	[[Category:Toxicology]]		[[Category:Toxicology]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2018-03-14T12:58:29Z

Background

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	==Background==		==Background==
	*Used in electroplating, soldering, pigments, and plastics		*Used in electroplating, soldering, pigments, and plastics
	*Routes of exposure:		*Once absorbed, cadmium distributes to most major organs, however it has a predilection for the liver and kidneys
	**Inahlation (up to 25%)
	***Cigarette smoking, occupational exposure		===Routes of exposure===
	***Particle size influences the amount absorbed		*Inahlation (up to 25%)
	****Smaller particles are more likely to penetrate the alveolar-capillary membrane		**Cigarette smoking, occupational exposure
	**Gastrointestinal (1-10%)		**Particle size influences the amount absorbed
	***Cadmium is ubiquitous in food systems		***Smaller particles are more likely to penetrate the alveolar-capillary membrane
	***Total daily amount ingested is influenced by a variety of factors		*Gastrointestinal (1-10%)
	****Reduced total body iron stores leads to upregulation of the gene that encodes for DMT1, a heavy metal transporter located on the luminal side of enterocytes. Consequently, more cadmium is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. <ref> Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018). </ref>		**Cadmium is ubiquitous in food systems
	****In certain parts of Japan, consumption of cadmium ranges from 59 to 113 mcg per day, which is more than twice the daily average of individuals in Europe. This is in large part due to rice irrigated with cadmium-contaminated water. <ref> Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018). </ref>		**Total daily amount ingested is influenced by a variety of factors
	**Dermal (less than 1%)		***Reduced total body iron stores leads to upregulation of the gene that encodes for DMT1, a heavy metal transporter located on the luminal side of enterocytes. Consequently, more cadmium is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. <ref> Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018). </ref>
	*Distribution		***In certain parts of Japan, consumption of cadmium ranges from 59 to 113 mcg per day, which is more than twice the daily average of individuals in Europe. This is in large part due to rice irrigated with cadmium-contaminated water. <ref> Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018). </ref>
	**Once absorbed, cadmium distributes to most major organs, however it has a predilection for the liver and kidneys		*Dermal (less than 1%)

	===Mechanism of Toxicity===		===Mechanism of Toxicity===

Hkm91450: /* References */

2018-03-02T22:35:47Z

References

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	==References==		==References==
	*Olson, K. Poisoning~~--[[User:Hkm91450\|Melody Ong]] ([[User talk:Hkm91450\|talk]]) 22:34, 2 March 2018 (UTC)~~ and Drug Overdose, 1999.		*Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999.
	*Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018).		*Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018).
	[[Category:Toxicology]]		[[Category:Toxicology]]

Hkm91450: /* References */

2018-03-02T22:34:50Z

References

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	==References==		==References==
	Olson, K. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 1999.		*Olson, K. Poisoning--[[User:Hkm91450\|Melody Ong]] ([[User talk:Hkm91450\|talk]]) 22:34, 2 March 2018 (UTC) and Drug Overdose, 1999.
	Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018).		*Traub, S., & Elinder, C. (2017). Epidemiology and toxicity of cadmium. In G. Curhan (Ed.), UpToDate. UpToDate, Waltham, MA, (Accessed on February 22, 2018).
	[[Category:Toxicology]]		[[Category:Toxicology]]

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	==See Also==		==See Also==
			*[[Toxicology (main)]]
	*[[Heavy Metals]]		*[[Heavy Metals]]

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	==See Also==		==See Also==
	[[Heavy Metals]]		*[[Heavy Metals]]

	==References==		==References==