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==Background==
It is important to have a method of reading xrays and communicating these findings with colleagues or consultants

==Method==
===Demographics===
*Patient name and age 
*Orientation and location of images
**ex. AP and lateral of the right wrist
*Skeletal maturity
===Assessment of bones===
Follow the cortex and look for discontinuities
*Fractures
**Location
***Epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis
***Midshaft, proximal 3rd, mid-3rd, distal 3rd
***Joint involvement
**Orientation
***Transverse, oblique, sagittal 
**Comminution
***Comminuted - small fragments
***Segmental - small section of bone boarded by fractures distally and proximally
***Butterfly fragment - large triangular segment
**Displacement 
***Percentage of disruption
***ex. 50% displacement if bones are half overlapping or 200% displacement if the bones are separated by the distance of one bone-width
***Describe displacement of distal fragment relative to proximal
**Angulation
***Describe angulation as the direction the apex is pointing relative to anatomical long axis of the bone 
**Shortening
**Rotational deformity
*Lesions
**Lytic/blastic lesion
**Important if assessing a pathological fracture
===Assessment of Joints===
*Position and alignment
*Fracture involving the joint
*Obvious degeneration or FB
===Assessment of Soft Tissue===
*Gas
**Can be present in open fractures or with soft tissue infections
*Fat pads
**ex. Sail sign
*Foreign body

==Spinal Imaging==
*By standard convention, spine films have slightly different terminology
*Anterolisthesis - A description of the inferior edge of a superior vertebrae in relationship to the superior edge of the inferior vertebrae
**Anterolisthesis of C5 on C6 (C5 is more anterior than C6)
*Retrolisthesis - A description of the inferior edge of a superior vertebrae in relationship to the superior edge of the inferior vertebrae
**Retrolisthesis of C6 on C7 (C5 is more anterior than C6)

==See Also==
*[[Chest x-ray interpretation]]
*[[Pelvic x-ray interpretation]]
*[[Cervical spine x-ray interpretation]]
*[[Head CT interpretation]]

==External Links==

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Radiology]]