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==Transducers==
*Increasing frequency improves resolution but decreases penetration
**Low-frequency transducer''s: deep structures
**High-frequency transducers''': superficial structures

===Transducer types===
*Curvilinear: large “footprint”, best resolution centralized
*Use for abdominal, FAST exam
*Phased array: all waves originate from a single point. used to view deep structures.
**Use for smaller spaces (between ribs, to look at lungs, heart, etc.)
**Use if available for Cardiac
*Linear: no array of waves, waves are spread out evenly. used to view superficial structures
**Use for soft tissue, vascular access, musculoskeletal, lungs

===Frequency===
*Each transducer has a range of frequencies. You can select higher or lower frequency for each probe
on the ultrasound machine.
*RES = Resolution = Highest end of the probe’s frequency range
**Better Picture, lower penetration
*PEN = Penetration = Lowest end of the probe’s frequency range
**Higher penetration, worse picture
*GEN = General = Middle of the probe’s frequency range

===Transducer indicator and orientation===
*Sagittal: indicator to patient’s head.  Probe placed vertically along body to create a sagittal view with probe marker pointing to patient's head<br />
*Transverse: indicator to patient’s right. Probe placed across body right to left to create an axial view with probe marker pointing to patient's right<br />
*Coronal: indicator to patient’s head, but probe on lateral side of body.  Top of screen is lateral, bottom is medial<br />

==Artifacts==
''Images on ultrasound that ARE NOT REAL.''
*High-attenuation: Objects decrease the sound wave
**A shadow results behind a high-attenuating object.This makes the objects behind less visible
*Low-attenuation: sound passes through object very easily.
**Low-attenuating tissue causes everything behind it to appear HYPERechoic or more visible<br />
*Mirror image: sound bounces off diaphragm, returning to trasnducer with a longer time of flight. Machine interprets this as more liver tissue across the diaphragm. A mirror image of the liver or spleen across the diaphragm is normal

==See Also==
*[[Ultrasound (main)]]

==References==
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[[Category:Ultrasound]]
[[Category:Radiology]]