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*Bruising
**Mongolian spots (congenital dermal melanosis)
**[[Coagulopathy (main)|Bleeding disorders]]
**Hemangiomas
**[[Phytophotodermatitis]]
**Malignancy
**[[Connective tissue disease]]
**Cultural healing practices (eg, coining and cupping)
**[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]
**[[Vasculitis]] ([[Henoch-Schönlein purpura]])
**Ink stains (e.g. caused by new clothing)
*[[Burns]]
**[[Hypersensitivity reaction]]
**Friction blisters
**[[Impetigo]] (may be confused with cigarette burns)
**[[Phytophotodermatitis]]
**[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]
**Accidental [[laxative]] ingestion
**Healing practices (eg, coining, cupping, and moxibustion)
*[[Fractures and dislocations (peds)|Fractures]]
**[[Rickets]]
**Congenital [[syphilis]] (can cause periosteal elevation)
**Birth trauma
**[[CPR]] (rarely causes rib fractures and very rarely causes posterior rib fractures)
**[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]
**Caffey disease
**[[Osteomyelitis]]
*[[Subdural hematoma]]
**[[coagulopathy|Bleeding disorders]]
**Vascular malformations
**Glutaric aciduria type 153
**Benign extra-axial fluid
**Menkes disease
*[[Retinal hemorrhage]]
**[[Vasculitis]]
**Vascular obstruction
**Vaginal delivery (generally disappear by 4 weeks of age)
**CPR (retinal hemorrhages are rare after chest compressions and, if present, are usually in the presence of other risk factors for hemorrhage)