Ver el código de «Phylum porifera»

==Background==
[[File:Phylum porifera.jpg|thumb|]]
*Also known as "sponges"

===Life and Habitat===
* Approximately 5000 species of sponge
* Generally stationary and attach to see floor or coral beds

===Relevant species=== 
* Most common Tedania ignis (Hawaiian or West Indian fire sponge)
** Found in Florida and Hawaii 
* Fibula nolitangere (poison bun sponge)
* Microciona prolifera (red moss sponge)

==Clinical Features==
[[File:PMC3760923 abd-88-0496-g02.png|thumb|Left: eczema-like plaques on the hand after known marinesponge exposure. Right: disseminated excoriated papules in a swimmer after diving in a lake in the Amazon region.]]
* Symptoms caused by contact with sponge
* Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact 
* Starts with [[pruritus]] and burning 
*Maculopapular rash with local edema, bullae formation, paresthesias and possible joint swelling <ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref>
**When large areas of skin are involved, patients can have [[fever]], malaise, [[dizziness]], [[nausea]], muscle cramps
* Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days
* Pruritic [[rash|dermatitis]] and rarely [[erythema multiforme]] or [[anaphylaxis|anaphylactoid reaction]]

==Differential Diagnosis==
{{Marine envenomation DDX}}

==Evaluation==


==Management==
* Gently dry skin
* Attempt to remove small spicules embedded in skin
** May use adhesive tape 
* Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily 
** If unavailable may use 40-70% [[isopropyl alcohol]] 
* [[Topical steroids]] may relieve secondary inflammation 
*Oral steroids for [[erythema multiforme]] or dyshidrotic eczema<ref>Hauglid, Christopher, DO, et al. “EMERGEN-SEA MEDICINE: An Overview of Sea Urchins, Coral, Starfish, and More.” ACEP Now, vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 8–9.</ref>
* [[Tetanus prophylaxis]] 
* Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection

==Disposition==
*If hemodynamically stable & pain controlled, patient may be discharged home

==See Also==
*[[Marine toxins and envenomations]]

==External Links==


==References==
* Auerbach PS, DiTullio AE. Envenomation by Aquatic Invertebrates. In Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: 1679 – 1682.
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[[Category:Toxicology]]
[[category:Environmental]]