Ver el código de «Mannitol»

==General==
*Type: sugar alcohol, derived from mannose, stereo-isomer of sorbitol
*Dosage Forms: Reconstituted powder and solution<ref>[http://www.medicinenet.com/mannitol-injectable/article.htm</ref>
**5% and 10% in 1000ml containers
**15% in 500ml containers
**20% in 250ml and 500ml containers
**25% in 50ml flip-top vials 
*Common Trade Names: Mannitol, Osmitrol

==Dosing==
===Adult===
====[[Elevated intracranial pressure]]====
*0.25-2 g/kg given every 6 to 8 hours<ref>http://www.medicinenet.com/mannitol-injectable/article.htm</ref>
**Should be given as a one time bolus (may be inferior to Hypertonic Saline)<ref>http://www.cochrane.org/CD001049/INJ_mannitol-for-acute-traumatic-brain-injury</ref>
**Easy ED dosing: 1g/kg bolus in ED (while awaiting neurosurgery eval/admission)

===Pediatric Dosing===
====Cerebral edema====
*0.25-1 g/kg IV initially; maintenance dose of 0.25-0.5 g/kg IV q4-6hr<ref>http://reference.medscape.com/drug/osmitrol-mannitol-343061</ref>

==Special Populations==
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: C
*Lactation:
** Unknown if present in breast milk 
*Renal Dosing
**Adult
*** Contraindicated in severe renal impairment 
**Pediatric
*** Contraindicated in severe renal impairment 
*Hepatic Dosing
**Adult
*** No adjustment necessary 
**Pediatric
*** No adjustment necessary

==Indications==
*Lowering ICP with signs of impending herniation or severely deteriorating mental status in context of known trauma or intracranial lesion exerting mass effect

==Contraindications==
*Allergy to class/drug

==Adverse Reactions==
===Serious===
*Heart failure
*Worsening dehydration
*Hyponatremia
*Hypokalemia
*Hypocalcemia

===Common===
*Cough
*Sore throat
*Dry mouth
*Headache
*Nausea

==Pharmacology==
*Onset of action: 5-10 minutes
*Half-life: 6 hours
*Metabolism: 
*Excretion: Urine
*Mechanism of Action: Increased tonicity of mannitol draws water out of the brain parenchyma and into the intravascular space<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470392/#:~:text=Tenny%20S%2C%20Patel%20R%2C%20Thorell%20W.%20Mannitol.%20%5BUpdated%202022%20Feb%2021%5D.%20In%3A%20StatPearls%20%5BInternet%5D.%20Treasure%20Island%20(FL)%3A%20StatPearls%20Publishing%3B%202022%20Jan%2D.%20Available%20from%3A%20https%3A//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470392/</ref>

==See Also==


==References==
<references/>
* Mannitol (systemic): Drug information. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Accessed April 2, 2019. 
[[Category:Pharmacology]]