Ver el código de «Mallory-Weiss tear»

==Background==
[[File:Gray1032.png|thumb|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]
[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg|thumb|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]
[[File:Illu esophagus.jpg|thumb|Esophagus anatomy and nomenclature based on two systems.]]
*Longitudinal lacerations through mucosa and submucosa
*75% in proximal stomach, rest in distal esophagus 
*Due to sudden increase in intrabdominal pressure 
**Typically in the setting of forceful vomiting or retching

==Clinical Features==
===Risk Factors===
*Hiatal hernia
*[[Alcoholism]]
*Anything that increases intrabdominal pressure: blunt [[abdominal trauma]], CPR, etc.

===History===
*Classic presentation: [[Hematemesis]] following vomiting or retching
**As few as 30% of patients present this way
*Coffee ground emesis
*[[Melena]]
*Hematochezia

==Differential Diagnosis==
{{UGIB DDX}}

==Evaluation==
[[File:Mallory Weiss Tear.png|thumb|Mallory–Weiss tear affecting the esophageal side of the gastroesophageal junction.]]
*Approach as any GI bleed
**CBC
**BMP
**Type and screen
**Guiac
**[[CXR]]
*Definitive diagnosis by endoscopy

==Management==
*Most Mallory-Weiss tears are minor and resolve on their own, but up to 3% of upper gastrointestinal bleeding deaths are a result of Mallory-Weiss tears
*Endoscopy only for active and on-going bleeding<ref>Gyawali CP. The Washington Manual Gastroenterology Subspecialty Consult 2ed. 2008. Washington University School of Medicine.</ref>
*Treat as [[undifferentiated upper GI bleed]]
**Many of these patients are alcoholics and have cirrhosis; consider esophageal varices
**History of vomiting/retching; consider [[boerhaave]]  

===Treatments Not Supported by the Literature===
*No evidence to support octreotide use

==Disposition==
*Anticipate admission

==See Also==
*[[Gastrointestinal bleeding]]
*[[Upper gastrointestinal bleeding]]

==External Links==

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:GI]]