Ver el código de «Liver function tests»

==Background==

===Normal Values===
*'''ALT''': 7 - 55  U/L
*'''AST''': 8 - 48 U/L
*'''Alk Phos''': 45 - 115 U/L
*'''Albumin''': 3.5 to 5.0 g/dL
*'''Total protein''': 6.3 - 7.9 g/dL
*'''Bilirubin''': 0.1 - 1.2 mg/dL
*'''GGT''': 9 - 48 U/L
*'''LDH''': 122 - 222 U/L
*'''PT''': 11 - 14 seconds
*'''PTT''': 25 - 35 seconds
*'''INR''': 0.8 - 1.2

==Albumin / Total Protein==


==Bilirubin==


==Aminotransferases (ALT/AST)==
*Elevation is associated with liver damage<br />
*Elevations in AST >> ALT suggest liver damage from alcoholism (i.e. alcoholic hepatitis)
*Elevations in ALT >> AST suggest liver damage from another etiology (i.e. infectious hepatitis)

==Alkaline Phosphatase==
*Predominantly found in the liver, bile ducts, kidney, and bones. 
*Because of its abundant production in biliary duct tissue, elevation reflects a problem with biliary stasis or obstruction
**Elevation may also occur in patients with increased bone turnover (e.g. 2/2 puberty, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease, etc.)

==Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT)==
*Like alkaline phosphatase, also found in abundance in the liver and bile ducts (also spleen, heart, and brain)
*Elevation in conjunction with an elevation in alkaline phosphatase, suggests biliary stasis/obstruction.

==Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)==
*Found in most body tissues
*Elevation can occur as a result of cellular rupture (different isozymes can specify tissue type involved)
** Cardiac - Demand ischemia, myocarditis
** Pulmonary - pulmonary embolism
** GI - hepatitis, small or large bowel obstruction
** Hematologic - hemolytic process, ineffective erethropoiesis
** Other - pregnancy, cancer, infection, systemic autoimmune disorders

==See Also==
*[http://lifeinthefastlane.com/investigations/liver-function-tests/ LITFL LFTs]
*[http://www.mdcalc.com/meld-score-model-for-end-stage-liver-disease-12-and-older/ MDCalc - MELD Score]

==References==
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[[Category:GI]]