Ver el código de «Liver function tests»

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==Background==


===Normal Values===

*'''ALT''': 7 - 55  U/L
*'''AST''': 8 - 48 U/L
*'''Alk Phos''': 45 - 115 U/L
*'''Albumin''': 3.5 to 5.0 g/dL
*'''Total protein''': 6.3 - 7.9 g/dL
*'''Bilirubin''': 0.1 - 1.2 mg/dL
*'''GGT''': 9 - 48 U/L
*'''LDH''': 122 - 222 U/L
*'''PT''': 11 - 14 seconds
*'''PTT''': 25 - 35 seconds
*'''INR''': 0.8 - 1.2


==Albumin / Total Protein==


==Bilirubin==


==Aminotransferases (ALT/AST)==

*Elevation is associated with liver damage
*Elevations in AST >> ALT suggest liver damage from alcoholism (i.e. [[Special:MyLanguage/alcoholic hepatitis|alcoholic hepatitis]])
*Elevations in ALT >> AST suggest liver damage from another etiology (i.e. infectious [[Special:MyLanguage/hepatitis|hepatitis]])


==Alkaline Phosphatase==

*Predominantly found in the liver, bile ducts, kidney, and bones
*Because of its abundant production in biliary duct tissue, elevation reflects a problem with biliary stasis or obstruction
**Elevation may also occur in patients with increased bone turnover (e.g. 2/2 puberty, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease, etc.)


==Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT)==

*Like alkaline phosphatase, also found in abundance in the liver and bile ducts (also spleen, heart, and brain)
*Elevation in conjunction with an elevation in alkaline phosphatase, suggests [[Special:MyLanguage/biliary disease|biliary stasis/obstruction]]


==Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)==

*Found in most body tissues
*Elevation can occur as a result of cellular rupture (different isozymes can specify tissue type involved)
**Cardiac - Demand ischemia, [[Special:MyLanguage/myocarditis|myocarditis]]
**Pulmonary - [[Special:MyLanguage/pulmonary embolism|pulmonary embolism]]
**GI - hepatitis, small or large bowel obstruction
**Hematologic - [[Special:MyLanguage/hemolytic anemia|hemolytic]] process, ineffective erethropoiesis
**Other - pregnancy, cancer, infection, systemic autoimmune disorders


==See Also==


==External Links==

*[http://lifeinthefastlane.com/investigations/liver-function-tests/ LITFL LFTs]
*[http://www.mdcalc.com/meld-score-model-for-end-stage-liver-disease-12-and-older/ MDCalc - MELD Score]


==References==

<references/>

[[Category:GI]]
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