Ver el código de «Bulging fontanelle»

==Background==
[[File:Sutures from top.png|thumb|Neonatal suture anatomy.]]
*Fontanelles are fibrous, membrane-covered gaps between cranial bones.
*A newborn has six fontanelles: anterior, posterior, two mastoid, and two sphenoid.
**Anterior and posterior are the most prominent
**The posterior fontanelle usually closes by 1-2 months of age.
**The anterior fontanelle usually closes between 7-19 months of age.
*A bulging fontanelle represents [[Management of Elevated Intracranial Pressure|increased intracranial pressure]], which may be transient and either benign or malignant. 
*Meticulous history and physical is essential to guide management of these infants.

==Clinical Features==
*Bulging fontanelle

==Differential Diagnosis==
*[[Meningitis (Peds)|Meningitis]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*Meningoencephalitis 
*[[Congestive Heart Failure]] 
*[[intracranial mass|Space-occupying lesions]] 
*[[Thyroid]] disorders
*[[Intracranial Hemorrhage (Main)|Intracranial Hemorrhage]]
*Parathyroid disorders 
*[[Brain Abscess]]
*[[Diabetic Ketoacidosis]]  
*[[vitamin A toxicity|Hypervitaminosis A]]
*[[Anemia]] 
*[[Lead Toxicity|Lead encephalopathy]]
*[[Leukemia (Peds)|Leukemia]]
*[[Inborn errors of metabolism]] 
*[[Uremia]]
*[[trauma (peds)|Trauma]] 
*[[Roseola Infantum]]
*[[Vaccination Schedule|Vaccinations]]
*[[Shigella]] 
*[[Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension|Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)]]
*Dural sinus thrombosis 
*[[Viral syndrome]]s
*[[Hydrocephalus]]

==Evaluation==
*Clinical diagnosis
*Evaluate for underlying etiology
*Standard approach:
**[[Head CT]]
**[[LP]] (if not contraindicated by CT findings) with opening and closing pressures

==Management==
*Treat underlying pathology
*See [[elevated ICP]]

==Disposition==

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]