Ver el código de «Altered mental status (peds)»

==Background==
*Both cerebral cortices must be affected to cause altered mental status 

{{GCS peds}}

==Clinical Features==

==Differential Diagnosis==
{| class="wikitable"
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="13" | '''A'''&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Alcohol 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | '''O'''&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Opiates
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Acid-base disorders|Acid-base]] and metabolic disorders
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="3" | '''U'''&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Uremia]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Diabetes mellitus]]
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Chronic renal failure
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Dehydration 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Hypercapnia 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="10" | '''T'''&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Trauma]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Hepatic failure]]
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;General trauma with hypovolemia
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Hypoxia]]
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Head injury]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Inborn errors of metabolism]]
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Mass lesion
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Arrhythmia]] and cardiogenic causes 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Cerebral edema
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Ventricular fibrillation]] 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Cerebrovascular accident]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Adams-Stokes attack 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Electric shock]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Aortic stenosis]]
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Decompression sickness]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Pericardial tamponade]]
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Tumor
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="18" | '''E'''&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Encephalopathy 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Thermal extremes
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]] 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="16" | '''I'''&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Infection
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Reye syndrome]] 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Meningitis]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Encephalitis]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Brain abscess
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Postimmunization encephalopathy 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Visceral larva migrans]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Disseminated encephalomyelitis 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Severe systemic infection
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Human immunodeficiency virus]] disease 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Intracerebral vascular disorders
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Endocrinopathy 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Venous thrombosis
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Addison's disease]] 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Arterial thrombosis
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]] 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Intracerebral or intraventricular hemorrhage
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Thyrotoxicity]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Cushing syndrome ]]
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Cerebral embolus
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Pheochromocytoma 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Acute infantile hemiplegia
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Hepatic porphyrias 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Acute confusional [[Migraine headache|migraine]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Electrolyte abnormalities]] 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Moyamoya malformation
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[Na<sup>+</sup>], [Ca<sup>2+</sup>], [Mg<sup>2+</sup>], PO<sub>4</sub><br>&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2" | '''P'''&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Poisoning
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="5" | '''I'''&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Insulin 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | Psychogenic unresponsiveness
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Hypoglycemia]] 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="4" | '''S'''&nbsp; 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Seizure]]
|- class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; line-height: 17px"
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;&nbsp;Ketotic hypoglycemia 
| class="font12" style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 9px; color: rgb(51,51,51); line-height: 17px" valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="3" | Shunt malfunction
|}

==Evaluation==
*Labs 
**Glucose, CBC, chem, UA, CSF, LFT, utox, VBG, BAL, thyroid, Calcium (ionized)
*[[ECG]] 
*Neuroimaging
*XR
*Urine

==Treatment==
*Immobilize cervical spine for suspected trauma 
*Fluid resuscitation 20 mL/kg x3 as needed; start pressors thereafter 
*Antibiotics for [[sepsis]] or [[meningitis]] (consider viral it patient is toxic)
*Naloxone for opiate or clonidine overdose (0.01-0.1mg/kg IV q2 min)  
*Glucose for hypoglycemia (2 mL/kg of 25% dextrose) 
*Avoid sodium bicarbonate for metabolic acidosis unless pH &lt;7.0 
*Control [[seizures]]
*Prevent [[hypothermia]], treat hyperthermia

==See Also==
*[[Altered Mental Status]]

==External Links==
*[http://pemplaybook.org/podcast/altered-mental-status-in-children/ Pediatric Emergency Playbook Podcast: Altered Mental Status in Children]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Pediatrics]] [[Category:Neurology]]